"Havemeyer Collection at Metropolitan Museum: Havemeyers Paid Small Sums for Masterpieces." Art News 28 (March 15, 1930), p. 43, ill.
Alan Burroughs. "The Links of Tradition: A Study of the H. O. Havemeyer Collection." Creative Art 7 (November 1930), pp. 333–34, 337, ill., compares it to Poussin's "Orpheus and Eurydice" (MMA 29.100.20) [now catalogued as Style of Poussin].
Frank Jewett Mather Jr. "The Havemeyer Pictures." The Arts 16 (March 1930), pp. 450, 469, 483, ill., calls it "Landscape" in the caption and "A View Near Arles" in the text, commenting that it is "that rare thing, a lyrical Cézanne"; suggests that Arthur B. Davies advised Mrs. Havemeyer to purchase her Cézanne paintings.
"The H. O. Havemeyer Collection." Parnassus 2 (March 1930), p. 7, tentatively dates it 1880–85; calls it a "thoroughly mature work" that is "as severely and consciously organized" as a Poussin.
Harry B. Wehle. "The Exhibition of the H. O. Havemeyer Collection." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 25 (March 1930), p. 58, calls it "Mont Sainte-Victoire" and comments on its "stirring, restless near-harmony".
H. O. Havemeyer Collection: Catalogue of Paintings, Prints, Sculpture and Objects of Art. n.p., 1931, pp. 56–57, ill., calls it "Landscape—Paysage du Midi".
Élie Faure. Cézanne. Paris, [1936], fig. 9, calls it "La vallée de l'Arc" and dates it about 1890.
Lionello Venturi. Cézanne: son art—son oeuvre. Paris, 1936, vol. 1, p. 162, no. 452; vol. 2, pl. 132, no. 452, dates it 1885–87.
Ambroise Vollard. Recollections of a Picture Dealer. London, 1936, p. 142, calls it "Aqueduc aux pins parasols"; states that the Havemeyers purchased it from him for Fr 15,000; records Mr. Havemeyer's comments before this picture, comparing it to a fresco that he admired at Pompei, and adding, "I wonder what there is in it that reminds one of so many things?".
Sam A. Lewisohn. Painters and Personality: A Collector's View of Modern Art. [New York], 1937, pl. 17, illustrates it alongside Poussin's "St. John on Patmos" (Art Institute of Chicago).
Fritz Novotny. Cézanne. Vienna, 1937, p. 10, pl. 43, dates it 1885–87; states that Cézanne painted the series of landscapes featuring Mont Sainte-Victoire and the viaduct from Bellevue, in the region south of the Jas de Bouffan, where his brother-in-law, M. Conil, had a farm.
Ambroise Vollard. Paul Cézanne: His Life and Art. [2nd English ed.]. New York, 1937, ill. opp. p. 54 (color).
Robert J. Goldwater. "Cézanne in America: The Master's Paintings in American Collections." Art News Annual, section I (The 1938 Annual), 36 (March 26, 1938), p. 154.
Fritz Novotny. Cézanne und das Ende der Wissenschaftlichen Perspektive. Vienna, 1938, pp. 11, 21, 49, 94 n. 89, p. 203, no. 85.
Albert C. Barnes and Violette De Mazia. The Art of Cézanne. New York, 1939, pp. 357, 412, no. 95, compare the foliage in this painting to that in "View of the Domaine Saint-Joseph" (MMA 13.66).
R. E. Turpin. "Cézanne Still Dominates the Era He Launched." New York Times Magazine (January 15, 1939), ill. p. 6, calls it "Landscape".
Alfred M. Frankfurter. "383 Masterpieces of Art." Art News, (The 1940 Annual), 38 (May 25, 1940), pp. 43, 64, 66, ill., describes it as an effort "to recreate space in terms of tonal values".
Erle Loran. Cézanne's Composition: Analysis of His Form with Diagrams and Photographs of His Motifs. [2nd ed., 1946]. Berkeley, 1943, p. 124, illustrates a photograph of Mont Sainte-Victoire taken by John Rewald.
Edward Alden Jewell. Paul Cézanne. New York, 1944, ill. p. 18, calls it "Sainte-Victoire Mountain".
Bernard Dorival. Cézanne. [English ed., 1948]. Paris, 1948, pp. 54, 159, pl. 88.
Fritz Novotny. Cézanne. New York, 1948, pl. 39, calls it "View of the Arc Valley, with Mont Sainte-Victoire and a Railway Viaduct".
Liliane Guerry. Cézanne et l'expression de l'espace. [1st ed.; 2nd ed., 1966]. Paris, 1950, pp. 193–94 n. 47, calls this painting and three others (V454, R599; V455, R598; and V457, R767) "les plus parfaites réussites de cette série".
Erle Loran. "Cézanne in 1952." Art Institute of Chicago Quarterly 46 (February 1, 1952), ill. pp. 10–11.
Art Treasures of the Metropolitan: A Selection from the European and Asiatic Collections of The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 1952, p. 233, no. 149, colorpl. 149, calls it "a splendid example of the artist's mature style," which combines Impressionist color with his own sense of structure and order.
Meyer Schapiro. Paul Cézanne. 1st ed. New York, 1952, pp. 27, 66–67, 74, ill. (color), compares it to "Mont Sainte-Victoire" (Courtauld Gallery, London; V454, R599).
Benjamin Storey. "Retrospettiva Cézanne." Emporium 115 (May 1952), ill. p. 198.
Bernard Berenson. Seeing and Knowing. New York, 1953, pp. 37, 48, pl. 88, erroneously locates it in a private collection.
Theodore Rousseau Jr. Paul Cézanne (1839–1906). [English ed., New York, 1953]. Amsterdam, 1954, unpaginated, colorpl. 12.
Charles Biederman. The New Cézanne: From Monet to Mondriaan. Red Wing, Minn., 1958, pp. 36–37, 39, figs. 11 and 12.
John Rewald. Cézanne, Landscapes. [French ed., Paris, 1958]. New York, 1958, pl. 1.
Michael Levey. A Concise History of Painting from Giotto to Cézanne. London, 1962, p. 310, colorpl. 547.
Charles Sterling and Margaretta M. Salinger. "XIX–XX Centuries." French Paintings: A Catalogue of the Collection of The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 3, New York, 1967, pp. 107–8, ill., call it "Mont Sainte-Victoire"; note that in the four pictures of Mont Sainte-Victoire painted between 1885 and 1887 (private collection, V453, R512; Courtauld Gallery, London, V454, R599; Phillips Collection, Washington, V455, R598), including this one, "the calm sihouette of the mountain is an integral part of the vista," whereas in later works, Mont Sainte-Victoire "dominates the entire scene".
Richard W. Murphy et al. The World of Cézanne: 1839–1906. New York, 1968, pp. 154–55, ill. (color), dates it 1885 and discusses it in relation to a later painting of Mont Sainte-Victoire (State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg; V663, R899).
Margaretta M. Salinger. "Windows Open to Nature." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 27 (Summer 1968), unpaginated, ill.
James White. National Gallery of Ireland. New York, 1968, p. 80, compares it to a watercolor of the same subject in the National Gallery of Ireland (RWC 585).
Frank Elgar. Cézanne. New York, [1969], pp. 141, 216, compares it to other works in the Mont Saint-Victoire series, calling this a tense landscape with "nervous, dense and violent splashes of colour".
Chuji Ikegami. Cézanne. Tokyo, 1969, p. 120, no. 23, ill. (color and black and white, overall and detail), dates it 1885–87.
Sandra Orienti in L'opera completa di Cézanne. [French ed., 1975; English ed., 1985]. Milan, 1970, p. 106, no. 436, ill.
Edith A. Standen in Masterpieces of Painting in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Exh. cat., Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. New York, [1970], p. 81, ill. (color).
Adrien Chappuis. The Drawings of Paul Cézanne: A Catalogue Raisonné. Greenwich, Conn., 1973, vol. 1, p. 216, under no. 896, compares it to a pencil drawing (1883–86; Museum Boymans-van Beuningen, Rotterdam; V1461 verso), which he calls a study for this painting; observes that the viewpoint of the drawing is lower than that of the oil but is from the same direction.
Meyer Schapiro. P. Cézanne. Paris, 1973, unpaginated, colorpl. 18, calls it "La Montagne Sainte-Victoire" and dates it 1885–87.
René Huyghe Lydie Huyghe in La Relève du réel: la peinture française au XIXe siècle: impressionnisme, symbolisme. Paris, 1974, fig. 190.
Nicholas Wadley. Cézanne and His Art. London, 1975, p. 71, colorpl. 69.
Georges A. Embiricos. "Cézanne et la répétition." Connaissance des arts no. 315 (May 1978), pp. 68–70, ill. (color), compares it to two later versions (former collection Heinz Berggruen; V662, R631 and Baltimore Museum of Art; V766, R837).
James David Draper and Joan R. Mertens. Treasures from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: Memories and Revivals of the Classical Spirit. Exh. cat., National Pinakothiki, Alexander Soutzos Museum. Athens, 1979, pp. 260–61, no. 102, ill. (color).
Howard Hibbard. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 1980, p. 430, fig. 774 (color).
John Rewald. Paul Cézanne: The Watercolors, A Catalogue Raisonné. Boston, 1983, p. 142, under nos. 239 and 240, mentions it in relation to two watercolors: one depicting the same isolated pine tree and the viaduct (Albertina, Vienna; V913, RWC 239), and the other depicting the Mont de Cengle and the viaduct (private collection, Zürich; RWC 240).
Richard Shiff. Cézanne and the End of Impressionism. Chicago, 1984, pp. 121, 216–18, figs. 28 and 55, dates it about 1885 and discusses this picture as a mixture of the fabricated and the natural.
Jill Anderson Kyle. "Cézanne's 'Les Joueurs de Cartes'." Master's thesis, Rice University, 1985, pp. 19, 30 n. 44, dates it 1885–87; cites it as an illustration of Cézanne's endeavor to represent depth "solely by the infinite gradation of hues and values in his paintings".
Charles S. Moffett. Impressionist and Post-Impressionist Paintings in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 1985, pp. 192–93, 254, ill. (color).
John Rewald. Cézanne: A Biography. New York, 1986, p. 276, ill. p. 157 (color), calls it "Mont Sainte-Victoire, Seen from Bellevue," also known as "The Viaduct," and dates it 1882–85.
Frances Weitzenhoffer. The Havemeyers: Impressionism Comes to America. New York, 1986, pp. 142–43, 256, pl. 108, suggests that Vollard may have encouraged the Havemeyers to acquire this painting and "Still Life with a Ginger Jar and Eggplants" (MMA 61.101.4).
Gary Tinterow et al. Capolavori impressionisti dei musei americani. Exh. cat., Museo di Capodimonte, Naples. Milan, 1987, pp. 20–21, no. 5, ill. (color).
Gary Tinterow et al. "Modern Europe." The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 8, New York, 1987, p. 48, colorpl. 29, date it mid-1880s.
Cézanne by Himself: Drawings, Paintings, Writings. London, 1988, ill. p. 144 (color), dates it about 1885–87.
John Rewald, with the research assistance of Frances Weitzenhoffer. Cézanne and America: Dealers, Collectors, Artists and Critics, 1891–1921. The A. W. Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts, Princeton, 1989, pp. 125, 128 n. 44, pp. 311, 347, fig. 70, dates it 1882–85; refers to this and "The Gulf of Marseilles Seen from L'Estaque" (MMA 29.100.67) as "two of the artist's most majestic works".
Denis Coutagne et al. Sainte-Victoire, Cézanne, 1990. Exh. cat., Musée Granet. Aix-en-Provence, 1990, pp. 113–15, 200, 318, 321, 355, colorpl. 65 (overall and detail), calls it "La Montagne Sainte-Victoire vue de Montbriand" and dates it 1885–87; relates it to Poussin's "Funeral of Phocion" (National Museum of Wales, Cardiff).
Anne Distel. Impressionism: The First Collectors. New York, 1990, p. 242.
Hajo Düchting. Paul Cézanne 1839–1906: Natur wird Kunst. [Engl. ed., 1999]. Cologne, 1990, p. 116, ill. p. 119 (color).
Hajo Düchting. Paul Cézanne: Bilder eines Berges. Munich, 1990, pp. 12, 59, colorpl. 1, dates it 1882–85.
Brett Gorvy. "Exhibition Preview: Cézanne and Poussin." Antique Collector 61 (August 1990), ill. p. 17 (color).
Lawrence Gowing. "Edinburgh: Cézanne and Poussin." Burlington Magazine 132 (October 1990), p. 733, fig. 63, tentatively dates it 1887; is "almost [convinced] that there was a real and deliberate affinity" between Poussin's Phocion pictures and Cézanne's views of Mont Sainte-Victoire from Bellevue [see Ref. Verdi 1990].
Richard Verdi. Cézanne and Poussin: The Classical Vision of Landscape. Exh. cat., National Gallery of Scotland. Edinburgh, 1990, pp. 7, 35–37, 50, 137–39, 141, 143, 149, 181, 193, no. 38, ill. on cover (color detail) and fig. 16 (color), dates it 1885–87; calls it "one of the most resolved and complete of all Cézanne's landscapes"; analyzes its spatial and compositional organization in relation to Poussin's "Landscape with the Ashes of Phocion" (1648; Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool).
Götz Adriani. Cézanne: Gemälde. Exh. cat., Kunsthalle Tübingen. Cologne, 1993, p. 117 n. 1, p. 214 n. 1, p. 260 n. 1 [English ed., 1995].
Richard Kendall. "The Figure in the Landscape." Cézanne & Poussin: A Symposium. Sheffield, 1993, p. 88, colorpl. 15.
Susan Alyson Stein in Splendid Legacy: The Havemeyer Collection. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 1993, p. 230, dates it about 1885–87.
Gary Tinterow in Splendid Legacy: The Havemeyer Collection. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 1993, pp. 47–48, colorpl. 51.
Gretchen Wold in Splendid Legacy: The Havemeyer Collection. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 1993, pp. 303–4, no. A74, ill., dates it about 1885–87.
Belinda Thomson. The Post-Impressionists. 2nd ed., reprint [1st ed. London, 1983; 2nd ed., 1990]. London, 1994, p. 160, fig. 164 (color), calls it "Landscape with Viaduct" and dates it 1885–87.
Maria Teresa Benedetti. Cézanne. [Italian ed., 1995]. Paris, 1995, p. 157, ill. (color), dates it about 1885–87.
Charles de Lartigue. Les paysages de Paul Cézanne. Lyons, 1995, p. 114, ill. p. 107 (color).
Alan Riding. "Cézanne: The Hot New Artist of the 90's." New York Times (October 24, 1995), ill. p. C13, dates it early 1880s.
Karen Wilkin. "Cézanne at the Grand Palais." New Criterion 14 (December 1995), p. 16.
Walter Feilchenfeldt in Cézanne. Exh. cat., Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, Paris. Philadelphia, 1996, p. 574 [French ed., Paris, 1995].
Linda Nochlin. "Cézanne: Studies in Contrast." Art in America 84 (June 1996), p. 64, ill. p. 65 (color).
John Rewald, in collaboration with Walter Feilchenfeldt, and Jayne Warman. The Paintings of Paul Cézanne: A Catalogue Raisonné. New York, 1996, vol. 1, pp. 346–49, 569–70, 572–73, no. 511; vol. 2, p. 165, fig. 511, dates it 1882–85, after the similar composition of Mont Sainte-Victoire painted "from virtually the same spot" (private collection; V453, R512), which he dates about 1882; considers it "more logical" that ours leads "toward the crisper style of Cézanne's work of the mid-1880s," noting that its looser brushstrokes may be explained by the larger surface of the canvas.
Joseph J. Rishel in Cézanne. Exh. cat., Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, Paris. Philadelphia, 1996, pp. 252–53, 259–60, 264, 266, 310, no. 89, ill. (color) [French ed., Paris, 1995, pp. 252–53, 259–60, 263, 266, 310, no. 89, ill. (color)], dates it 1882–85 and considers it the first in the Mont Sainte-Victoire series; calls it "the most completely worked and specifically detailed" painting from this vantage point; remarks that the dense, but quickly applied brushwork unifies the composition and would influence abstract artists of the 1940s.
Gary Tinterow in La collection Havemeyer: Quand l'Amérique découvrait l'impressionnisme. Exh. cat., Musée d'Orsay. Paris, 1997, p. 71, 106, no. 37, ill. (color), dates it about 1885.
Erik Verhagen in Le sentiment de la montagne. Exh. cat., Musée de Grenoble. Paris, 1998, p. 251, no. 208, ill. (color).
Impressionist, Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Works on Paper. Christie's, London. July 1, 1999, p. 28, under no. 831, mistakenly identifies our painting as Venturi no. 454.
Friedrich Teja Bach in Cézanne: Finished, Unfinished. Exh. cat., Kunstforum Wien. 2000, p. 304, under no. 93, fig. 1, calls it "Mont Sainte-Victoire seen from Bellevue"; discusses a watercolor of a similar pine tree in the Arc River Valley (RWC 239).
Maria Teresa Benedetti. Cézanne: il padre dei moderni. Exh. cat., Complesso del Vittoriano. Milan, 2002, p. 74.
Nina Maria Athanassoglou-Kallmyer. Cézanne and Provence: The Painter in His Culture. Chicago, 2003, pp. 150, 152, fig. 4.1 (color).
George S. Keyes. "Reconsideration of Late Variants of Cézanne's Theme of Mont Sainte-Victoire." Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts 77 (2003), pp. 34, 37 n. 6.
Philip Conisbee. "Watercolours by Cézanne." Burlington Magazine 147 (January 2005), p. 70 n. 2, calls it "Mont Sainte-Victoire seen from Bellevue"; considers the painting "Mont Sainte-Victore Seen from Montbriand" (about 1882; private collection; R 512) to be a preliminary study for our picture.
Richard R. Brettell and Stephen F. Eisenman. Nineteenth-Century Art in the Norton Simon Museum. 1, New Haven, 2006, pp. 305–6, n. 4.
Philip Conisbee in Philip Conisbee and Denis Coutagne. Cézanne in Provence. Exh. cat., National Gallery of Art. Washington, 2006, pp. 16, 18, 284.
Denis Coutagne. Cézanne en vérité(s). [Arles], 2006, pp. 474–75, 512 nn. 175, 182.
Bruno Ely in Philip Conisbee and Denis Coutagne. Cézanne in Provence. Exh. cat., National Gallery of Art. Washington, 2006, pp. 159, 319, 339 n. 17, no. 67, colorpl. 67, calls it "Montagne Sainte-Victoire Seen from Montbriand" and dates it later than the similar painting in a private collection (R 512).
Anne Roquebert in Cézanne to Picasso: Ambroise Vollard, Patron of the Avant-Garde. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2006, p. 227, fig. 239 (color) [French ed., "De Cézanne à Picasso: Chefs-d'oeuvre de la galerie Vollard," Paris, 2007, p. 328, ill. p. 243 (color)], states that according to Mary Cassatt, the Havemeyers's purchase of this and other Cézanne paintings in 1901 saved Vollard from bankruptcy.
Jayne S. Warman in Cézanne to Picasso: Ambroise Vollard, Patron of the Avant-Garde. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2006, pp. 339–40, no. 36, ill., relates that in 1901 Havemeyer advanced Fr 19,000 to Vollard and two months later received seven Cézanne paintings, including this one, and seven frames.
Linda Nochlin. Courbet. New York, 2007, pp. 188–89, fig. 79.
Gary Tinterow in Masterpieces of European Painting, 1800–1920, in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2007, pp. 126, 220, no. 115, ill. (color and black and white).
Anabelle Kienle in Cézanne and Beyond. Exh. cat., Philadelphia Museum of Art. Philadelphia, 2009, p. 318.
Emily Schuchardt Navratil in Gail Stavitsky and Katherine Rothkopf. Cézanne and American Modernism. Exh. cat., Montclair Art Museum. Montclair, 2009, p. 361.
Katherine Sachs in Cézanne and Beyond. Exh. cat., Philadelphia Museum of Art. Philadelphia, 2009, p. 532, colorpl. 199.
Michael R. Taylor in Cézanne and Beyond. Exh. cat., Philadelphia Museum of Art. Philadelphia, 2009, p. 559 n. 31.
Jayne S. Warman in Gail Stavitsky and Katherine Rothkopf. Cézanne and American Modernism. Exh. cat., Montclair Art Museum. Montclair, 2009, p. 88 n. 34.
