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Political African Women of the Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth Centuries

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  • Pendant Mask: Iyoba [Nigeria; Edo peoples, court of Benin]
  • Head of a Queen Mother (Iyoba) [Nigeria; Edo peoples, court of Benin]
  • Standing Female Figure [Nigeria; Edo peoples, court of Benin]
  • Altar Tableau: Queen Mother and Attendants [Nigeria; Edo peoples, court of Benin]
  • Pectoral: Saint Anthony (Toni Malau) [Angola/Democratic Republic of Congo; Kongo]
  • Crucifix: Saint Anthony of Padua [Angola/Democratic Republic of Congo; Kongo]
  • Staff: Saint Anthony (Toni Malau) [Angola/Democratic Republic of Congo; Kongo]
  • Altar to the Hand (Ikegobo) [Nigeria; Edo peoples, court of Benin]
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    As leaders, priestesses, traders, cultivators, oracles, wives, and mothers, women have occupied key roles in the developments that have shaped the course of African history. The turbulent years following West and Central Africa's initial contact with Europe were marked by the emergence of women revered for their formidable political skills and social vision. We know of these women today largely through oral histories, artworks, and, significantly, contemporaneous European documents. There can be no doubt that important and celebrated women existed in other periods of African history, but prior to the era of contact with Europe, written records of their names and achievements simply do not exist. Indigenous narratives about them have not survived to the present day, or have yet to be recognized and recorded. As the study of African history continues, however, the identities of other notable African women will surely be revealed.

    Alexander Ives Bortolot
    Department of Art History and Archaeology, Columbia University
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