This is a pendant to Panini's Modern Rome (52.63.2) and shows the most famous ancient monuments in the city. It was painted for the count de Stainville, later duke de Choiseul, who is shown in the center with a guidebook in hand. Panini shows himself behind the chair. The figures are admiring a copy of the Aldobrandini Wedding—one of the most admired ancient frescoes. The Pantheon, the Colosseum, Trajan's Column, the Farnese Hercules, and the Laocoön can be readily identified.

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