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Sphinx of Senwosret III, ca. 1878–1841 B.C.E.; Dynasty 12, reign of Senwosret III; Middle Kingdom
Egyptian
Gneiss; L. 28 3/4 in. (73 cm)
Gift of Edward S. Harkness, 1917 (17.9.2)
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Description
Although the standing sphinx represented a conqueror for the ancient Egyptians, the crouching sphinx was a guardian of sacred places. During the period this sphinx was made, the king was seen as morally responsible for the protection of Egypt. So it is fitting that Senwosret III, a great ruler and soldier, should be portrayed as a magnificent crouching sphinx.
This work was carved from a single block of beautifully grained gneiss from the quarries of Nubia. We do not know the name of the sculptor, but it is a mark of his greatness that he was able to infuse a block of stone with such life. The majestic strength of the lion's body contrasts with the furrowed brow and grimly set mouth of the king's face. Senwosret the man is represented with consummate skill. The cares of a long and difficult life are visible on his proud but deeply lined face. We can see from his expression that this was a king who took to heart his responsibilities as guardian.
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