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Manuscript of the "Nan wa Halwa" (Bread and Sweets), ca. 1690
India (Deccan, Aurangabad)
Ink, gold, and colors on paper, leather binding; H. 9 1/4 in. (23.5 cm)
Purchase, Friends of Islamic Art Gifts, 1999 (1999.157)

Description

The Nan wa Halwa (Bread and Sweets), a poem about the merits of the ascetic life, was composed in Persian by the Sufi poet Muhammad Baha' al-Din 'Amili (1547–1621). This illustrated version of the text reveals the lively and fertile mixture of Mughal, Rajput, and Deccani painting traditions that coexisted in Aurangabad at the end of the seventeenth century. The manuscript consists of twenty-four folios. Four depict episodes from the poem (in this case, with considerable wit) inside richly painted borders; several of the text folios are illuminated with appealing floral motifs; and one flyleaf bears a striking panel of anthropomorphized calligraphy in the form of a face.

The story told here in a single frame is that of a recluse who spends his time praying on Mount Lebanon. One day, after starving through the night, he receives some bread from an infidel, who is depicted in this folio as the hirsute English monarch Charles II. As the recluse prepares to walk away, a malnourished dog catches on to his robe and reproaches him for accepting food from an infidel. The recluse, humbled by this encounter, observes, "He who has no faith is less than the dog of the infidel."

(Entry written by Navina Haidar)

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