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Diadem , 1200–900 B.C.; Late Bronze Age
Carpathian Basin (present-day Slovakia and Hungary)
Copper alloy; Diam. 10 1/4 in. (26 cm)
Purchase, Caroline Howard Hyman Gift, in memory of Margaret English Frazer, 2000 (2000.281.1)

Description

The elemental form of a spiral achieves an elegant monumentality in this diadem, large brooch, and pair of armbands. These remarkably whole pieces epitomize metallurgical production of the workshops found in the areas south of the Carpathian Mountains during the Late Bronze Age. In continental Europe no workshops were more prolific, creative, or technologically accomplished than these. The personal ornaments, weapons, and vessels they produced were widely imitated and exported and have been found in settlements as far away as Scandinavia, France, and Italy.

Though spirals had long figured in Bronze Age ornamentation, the workshops transformed what was a flat decorative motif into a sculptural shape for an array of jewelry that incorporated spirals. Often incised with delicate patterns of dots and lines, their products are noteworthy for the powerful, almost modern simplicity of their forms. Large brooches were worn by both men and women to secure cloaks, while diadems were probably worn only by women, with the spirals perhaps extending down at the back of the head. Armbands were usually worn in pairs on the lower arms; they were sometimes complemented by finger and toe rings, as well as by leg bands. It is impossible to say whether these imposing pieces were used exclusively for ceremonial purposes, but the rarity of their forms suggests the elite status of their original owners.

(Entry written by Melanie Holcomb)

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