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Standing Bull, Late 1st millennium B.C.
South Arabian
Copper alloy and shell; H. 8 in. (20.3 cm)
Purchase, Michael Ward and Friends of Inanna Gifts, 2002 (2002.34)

Description

Stylistically related to a bronze statue in the collection (acc. no. 47.100.85), this bull, which retains the original corrosion patina, provides new information regarding the methods of manufacture and the iconography of South Arabian metalwork during the Iron Age. By the middle of the first millennium B.C., kingdoms had emerged in South Arabia based on a monopoly of the frankincense and myrrh native to the region. The kingdoms' immense wealth is reflected in the bronze castings of large sculptures, as well as in smaller objects, which were produced throughout most of the first millennium B.C. Bulls are commonly represented and can be found on funerary stelae, seals, and sculpture.

This bronze bull stands on a double-based plinth. Its head is strongly sculpted with horns that curve up and slightly inward. The bone structure between the horns is raised and prominent. Upright ears appear behind the horns and are not visible from the front. Heavy brows overlap the eyes, which are inlaid with shell. Both the muzzle and the chest are strongly modeled. The sex is clearly indicated. The tail hangs straight down to the hooves and parallels those of South Arabian statues of standing bulls sculpted in alabaster, which help to date this piece to the late first millennium B.C.

(Entry written by Jean Evans)

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