The imperial workshops in the reign of the Yongle emperor (1403–24) produced some of the finest works of decorative art in Chinese history. The objects of metal, porcelain, silk, and lacquer were used in the palace and for diplomatic gifts. Because of the elaborate, exacting work involved in its production, lacquerware was highly valued, and, because of their fragility, few lacquer objects from this period have survived.

This box, decorated with five-clawed dragons, must have been produced for the imperial household. It is in an excellent state of preservation, with the gilding of the incised pattern intact and the original lock plate of iron with gold damascene decoration in place. The box comes with a lock and key of gilded bronze engraved with lotus flowers that may well be of the same period as the box.