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Pattern Crown of George III: The "Three Graces" Crown, 1817
William Wyon (English, 17951851)
British (London, Royal Mint)
Gold; Diam. 1 5/8 in. (4.1 cm)
Gift of Assunta Sommella Peluso, Ada Peluso, and Romano I. Peluso, in memory of Ignazio Peluso, 2002 (2002.205.3)
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Description
In 1785 Giovanni Volpato established a manufactory in Rome for the production of biscuit-porcelain sculpture. This group personifying the river Nile was the most ambitious work made at Volpato's factory, as well as the most expensive, as shown by a surviving price list. Most of the sculptural groups made under Volpato's supervision were reproductions of antique marbles, the biscuit-porcelain medium being ideally suited to this purpose. The River Nile is a reduction of a colossal Roman marble at the Vatican, much admired in Volpato's time, and is remarkably faithful to the marble original; only the base has been simplified, as was required by the change in scale.
The Peluso collection of English coins reveals the extraordinary accuracy achieved by the Royal Mint late in the reign of George III (r. 17601820). The superiority of its coinage owed much to the introduction of steam-powered minting machinery. Only three gold specimens of the "Three Graces" crown are said to have been struck; it was never intended for general circulation. The dies were painstakingly prepared so that the matte finish of the raised areas sets them apart from the brilliantly burnished background. The trio on the reverse represents Ireland (with her attribute, the harp), Britain (with the Union flag on her shield), and Scotland (beside a thistle). They are more decently clad than the figures in Antonio Canova's marble group of the Three Graces but are manifestly inspired by them, hence the nickname. The second version of Canova's group, now shared by the National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh, and the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, was famous in England even before it was shipped there in 1818.
(Entry written by James David Draper)
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