The popularity of the Water-Moon Avalokiteshvara, which reached its peak in the Koryo dynasty (918–1392), continued into the Choson period (1392–1910), as attested by this painting, which preserves the essential details of the deity’s iconography: the rocky throne, the kundika bottle with a willow branch, and the presence of the boy pilgrim Sudhana. According to the inscription in the rectangular cartouche at the bottom of the painting, this work was commissioned in 1730 by, among others, five married couples who donated the materials for the painting, such as the silk and different pigments. The inscription includes a felicitation for the reigning monarch, King Yongjo (r. 1724–76), and also records the names of the monk-painters and the monks who supervised them and ensured the iconographic accuracy of the painting as well as ritual propriety during its production.