Tile
Kashan, Iran
Ilkhanid, ca. 1270-1280
Composite body, molded and overglaze luster-painted;
14 3/4 x 14 3/4 in. (37.5 36.2 cm)
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1912 (12.49.4)
This overglaze
luster-painted tile, with its bold design of a soaring phoenix,
a background of cloud bands, and a lotus border, is an excellent example
of the Chinese influence on Iranian iconography following the Mongol conquest.
As can also be found on the Mamluk
Bottle, the phoenix bird is an important Chinese symbol of
longevity and came to signify the empress. In Iran the phoenix
became conflated with the Persian mythical simurgh.
Scrolling cloud patterns and lotus flowers are among the most common decorative
motifs in China and have long been used to ornament all the decorative
arts.
Tiles bearing the same motifs and presumably produced from the same molds
were excavated at Takht-i-Sulaiman in northwestern Iran, the lavishly
decorated Ilkhanid summer palace built about 1275. While the phoenix and
the dragon (symbol of rain, the seas, and the emperor) were long popular
subjects for imperial architecture in China, after the Mongol invasions,
they appeared on important buildings throughout the empire.
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