Double-Sided Pendant Icon with the Virgin and Christ Pantokrator, ca. 1080–1120
Byzantine; Made in Constantinople
Inscribed in Greek initials: Mother of God (front); Jesus Christ, King of Glory (back)
Cloisonné enamel, gold; 1 5/16 x 15/16 x 1/16 in. (3.3 x 2.4 x 2 cm)
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Purchase, Lila Acheson Wallace Gift, 1994 (1994.403)


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Even as a young boy, the splendors of the great Byzantine Empire were known to Marco Polo. Following the Fourth Crusade, some of the most prized Byzantine artistic treasures were brought to his native Venice by the western knights who had plundered Constantinople. Many westerners remained in Byzantine lands, adopting elements of Byzantine culture and patronizing Byzantine arts; others took Byzantine works and learning home with them, where they influenced Western culture. Marco's father and uncle were among the tens of thousands of foreign merchants in Constantinople trading silks, jewelry, enamels, gold, silver, ivory, perfumes, spices, and leather goods.





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