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The Mongol invasions of the Islamic world began in 1221 with
the conquest of eastern Iran. A more devastating wave of conquest,
however, came with Genghis Khan's grandson Hülegü,
when Mongol forces subjugated all of Iran and by 1258 had
also taken Baghdad. Traveling through this region only a decade
or so later, Marco Polo witnessed the destruction
caused by the Mongol armies. Establishing rule over most of
West Asia, from Iraq and Iran to parts of Asia Minor, Hülegü
assumed the title of "Il-Khan," meaning lesser Khan,
subordinate to the Great Khan ruling in China. This branch
of the Mongol dynasty, which became known as the Ilkhanids
(1256–1353), eventually centered its power in the northwestern
Iran city Tabriz.
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