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Much of Tiffany Studios' production was devoted to one-of-a-kind
objects—hand-blown vases, special-order mosaics and windows, and
exquisitely crafted jewelry—consistent with Tiffany's mission to
bring beauty into the home. These items were sold at relatively high prices,
affordable only for elite clients. The firm also turned out more modest
objects, however, such as metalwork desk sets, candelabra, and boxes—called
"Fancy Goods" in the firm's 1906 price list—that were made in multiples.
Such objects, considered stock items, were on view in the showrooms at
the Tiffany & Company and were marketed through illustrated catalogues.
Tiffany began manufacturing small metalwork objects
about 1897, when he added a foundry to his glass furnace in Corona. His
new products received international exposure in 1899, when, through the
influence of Siegfried Bing, a selection was displayed at the Grafton
Galleries in London. Later, Tiffany greatly expanded the number and range
of designs, and during the first two decades of the twentieth century
his workshops turned out more than fifteen different patterns in more
than thirty utilitarian forms—from calendar holders and inkstands
to scales and thermometers. Desk-set designs were often given evocative
names drawn from exotic cultures or historical sources popular for revival
styles during the late nineteenth century. Venetian, Byzantine, Chinese,
American Indian, Ninth-Century, Adam, and Louis XIV sets were marketed
in catalogues alongside those more traditional names, such as Zodiac,
Nautical, and Graduate. Other patterns were inspired by nature, and some,
particularly those based on grapevines and pine boughs, recall Tiffany's
designs for windows and lamps.
Among the earliest desk-set designs were those incorporating
Tiffany's signature Favrile glass. In the Grapevine and Pine Bough sets, glass that
was typically opalescent blue, green, or amber was laid behind the etched
and pierced metalwork design permitting it to show through. Such patterns
became, in effect, miniature versions of Tiffany's stained-glass windows.
Most of Tiffany's metalwares were made of cast bronze
or hammered or spun copper. Patterns were varied by the introduction of
different finishes. Some desk sets were available in "antique" green,
a color achieved through a chemical bath, in patinated brown, or plated
with gold. These products represent work in yet another medium to which
Tiffany applied his artistic talents to enhance the decorative aspect
of the home.
Metalwork
& wood introduction: 1
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