The Art of Ancient Egypt | Publications for Educators | Explore & Learn

Dynasty 14	Local kings in the Delta rule contemporaneously with pharaohs of late Dynasty 13.
Dynasties 15 and 16	Western Asiatic kings, originating from foreign community at Avaris that has strong ties to southern Canaan, gain power over most of Egypt. They are called "chiefs of foreign lands" (in Egyptian heka khasut, or Hyksos). Adopting Egyptian royal titles, they usurp earlier monuments and make contacts with the kingdom of Kerma in Nubia.
Dynasty 17	The native Egyptian dynasty of Thebes rules contemporaneous with the Hyksos. Initially, they acknowledge Hyksos as their overlords, but at the end of the dynasty King Kamose starts the movement to expel the Hyksos from Egypt. From this time onward, Egyptian military power is based on the use of horse-drawn chariots.