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Anatomy of a Masterpiece: How to Read Chinese Paintings

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Enlarge 元 王振鵬 維摩不二圖 卷
Wang Zhenpeng (act. ca. 1280–1329)
Vimalakirti and the Doctrine of Nonduality, dated 1308
Handscroll; ink on silk; 15 1/2 x 85 3/4 in. (39.5 x 217.7 cm)
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Purchase, The Dillon Fund Gift, 1980 (1980.276)

See an alternate view of this artwork.

This handscroll depicts an episode from the Vimalakirti Sutra, the Buddhist scripture in which Vimalakirti (the layman) and Manjusri (the Bodhisattva of Wisdom) engage in a theological debate. According to the sutra, Vimalakirti proved the more subtle by remaining silent when asked to explain the ultimate meaning of Buddhist Law.

Superbly rendered in the baimiao ("plain-drawing") style by Wang Zhenpeng, a master known chiefly for his architectural paintings, this work disappeared after the late seventeenth century and was discovered only recently. Following the painting are two important colophons written by the artist that describe the circumstances surrounding its creation: it was executed in 1308 at the command of Renzong, then the heir apparent, who ruled as emperor from 1312 to 1320; the precise location in the palace where Wang received Renzong's order and even the name of the palace guard in attendance that day have been noted. The painter states that he used as his model a composition by a Jin painter named Ma Yunqing (act. ca. 1230) that was itself a copy of a work by Li Gonglin (ca. 1049–1106). A scroll attributed to Li Gonglin in the Palace Museum, Beijing, appears to be the work of Ma Yunqing and the acknowledged model for this painting.

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