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List of Rulers of the Roman Empire

Table of Contents Julio-Claudian Dynasty Flavian Dynasty The Five Good Emperors Antonine Dynasty Severan Dynasty The Soldier Emperors Gallic Empire (West) Palmyrene Empire The Soldier Emperors (continued) Western Roman Empire Eastern Roman Empire Contantine Dynasty Western Roman Empire (after death of Jovian) Eastern Roman Empire (after death of Jovian)

Julio-Claudian Dynasty	27 B.C.–68 A.D.	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Augustus(1)	27 B.C.–14 A.D.
Tiberius(2)	14–37 A.D.
Gaius Germanicus (Caligula)(3)	37–41 A.D.
Claudius	41–54 A.D.
Nero	54–68 A.D.
Galba	68–69 A.D.
Otho	69 A.D.
Vitellius	69 A.D.
Flavian Dynasty	69–96 A.D.
Vespasian	69–79 A.D.
Titus4	79–81 A.D.
Domitian	81–96 A.D.
The Five Good Emperors	96–180 A.D.
Nerva	96–98 A.D.
Trajan4	98–117 A.D.
Hadrian4	117–38 A.D.
Antoninus Pius(5)	138–61 A.D.
Marcus Aurelius	161–80 A.D.
Antonine Dynasty	138–93 A.D.
Antoninus Pius(5)	138–61 A.D.
Marcus Aurelius (with Lucius Verus6, 161–69 A.D.)	161–80 A.D.
Commodus (with Marcus Aurelius, 177–80)	177–92 A.D.
Pertinax	193 A.D.
Didius Julianus	193 A.D.
Pescennius Niger	194 A.D.
Severan Dynasty	193–235 A.D.
Septimius	193–211 A.D.
Caracalla(7) (with Geta, 211–12 A.D.)	211–17 A.D.
Macrinus	217–18 A.D.
Diadumenianus	218 A.D.
Elagabalus	218–22 A.D.
Alexander Severus	222–35 A.D.
The Soldier Emperors	235–284 A.D.
Maximinus I	235–38 A.D.
Gordian I and II (in Africa)	238 A.D.
Balbinus and Pupienus (in Italy)	238 A.D.
Gordian III	238–44 A.D.
Philip the Arab	244–49 A.D.
Trajan Decius	249–51 A.D.
Trebonianus Gallus(8) (with Volusian)	251–53 A.D.
Aemilianus	253 A.D.
Gallienus (with Valerian, 253–60 A.D.)	253–68 A.D.
Gallic Empire (West)
Follows the death of Valerian
Postumus	260–69 A.D.
Laelian	268 A.D.
Marius	268 A.D.
Victorinus	268–70 A.D.
Domitianus	271 A.D.
Tetricus I and II	270–74 A.D.
Palmyrene Empire
Odenathus	c. 250–67 A.D.
Vaballathus (with Zenobia)	267–72 A.D.
The Soldier Emperors (continued)
Claudius II Gothicus	268–70 A.D.
Quintillus	270 A.D.
Aurelian	270–75 A.D.
Tacitus	275–76 A.D.
Florianus	276 A.D.
Probus	276–82 A.D.
Carus	282–83 A.D.
Carinus	283–84 A.D.
Numerianus	283–84 A.D.
Diocletian (and Tetrarchy)	284–305 A.D.
Western Roman Empire
Maximianus	287–305 A.D.
Constantius I	305–6 A.D.
Severus II	306–7 A.D.
Constantine I(9)	307–37 A.D.	9
Eastern Roman Empire
Diocletian	284–305 A.D.
Galerius	305–11 A.D.
Maxentius (Italy)	306–12 A.D.
Maximinus Daia	309–13 A.D.
Licinius	308–24 A.D.
Constantine Dynasty*	337–63 A.D.
*empire reunited by Constantine's defeat of Licinius
Constantine II	337–40 A.D.
Constans	337–50 A.D.
Constantius II	337–61 A.D.
Magnentius	350–53 A.D.
Julian	361–63 A.D.
Jovian	363–64 A.D.
Western Roman Empire (after death of Jovian)
Valentinian	364–75 A.D.
Gratian	375–83 A.D.
Valentinian II	375–92 A.D.
Eugenius	392–94 A.D.
Honorius	395–423 A.D.
Constantinius III	421 A.D.
John	423–25 A.D.
Valentinian III	425–55 A.D.
Petronius Maximus	455 A.D.
Avitus	455–56 A.D.
Majorian	457–461 A.D.
Severus III	461–65 A.D.
Anthemius	467–72 A.D.
Olybrius	472 A.D.
Glycerius	473–74 A.D.
Julius Nepos	474–75 A.D.
Romulus Augustulus	475–76 A.D.
Eastern Roman Empire (after death of Jovian)
Valens	364–78 A.D.
Theodosius I	379–95 A.D.
Arcadius	395–408 A.D.
Theodosius II	408–50 A.D.
Marcian	450–57 A.D.
Leo	457–74 A.D.
Zeno	474–91 A.D.
Anastasius	491–518 A.D.

Department of Greek and Roman Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Citation

Department of Greek and Roman Art. "List of Rulers of the Roman Empire". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/roru/hd_roru.htm (October 2004)

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