Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
World Regions
All World Regions
8000–2000
B.C.
2000–1000
B.C.
1000
B.C.
–1
A.D.
1–500
A.D.
500–1000
A.D.
1000–1400
A.D.
1400–1600
A.D.
1600–1800
A.D.
1800–1900
A.D.
1900
A.D.
–Present
Africa
8000–2000
B.C.
2000–1000
B.C.
1000
B.C.
–1
A.D.
1–500
A.D.
500–1000
A.D.
1000–1400
A.D.
1400–1600
A.D.
1600–1800
A.D.
1800–1900
A.D.
1900
A.D.
–Present
Central America
8000–2000
B.C.
2000–1000
B.C.
1000
B.C.
–1
A.D.
1–500
A.D.
500–1000
A.D.
1000–1400
A.D.
1400–1600
A.D.
1600–1800
A.D.
1800–1900
A.D.
1900
A.D.
–Present
Central and North Asia
8000–2000
B.C.
2000–1000
B.C.
1000
B.C.
–1
A.D.
1–500
A.D.
500–1000
A.D.
1000–1400
A.D.
1400–1600
A.D.
1600–1800
A.D.
1800–1900
A.D.
1900
A.D.
–Present
East Asia
8000–2000
B.C.
2000–1000
B.C.
1000
B.C.
–1
A.D.
1–500
A.D.
500–1000
A.D.
1000–1400
A.D.
1400–1600
A.D.
1600–1800
A.D.
1800–1900
A.D.
1900
A.D.
–Present
Europe
8000–2000
B.C.
2000–1000
B.C.
1000
B.C.
–1
A.D.
1–500
A.D.
500–1000
A.D.
1000–1400
A.D.
1400–1600
A.D.
1600–1800
A.D.
1800–1900
A.D.
1900
A.D.
–Present
North America
8000–2000
B.C.
2000–1000
B.C.
1000
B.C.
–1
A.D.
1–500
A.D.
500–1000
A.D.
1000–1400
A.D.
1400–1600
A.D.
1600–1800
A.D.
1800–1900
A.D.
1900
A.D.
–Present
Oceania
8000–2000
B.C.
2000–1000
B.C.
1000
B.C.
–1
A.D.
1–500
A.D.
500–1000
A.D.
1000–1400
A.D.
1400–1600
A.D.
1600–1800
A.D.
1800–1900
A.D.
1900
A.D.
–Present
South America
8000–2000
B.C.
2000–1000
B.C.
1000
B.C.
–1
A.D.
1–500
A.D.
500–1000
A.D.
1000–1400
A.D.
1400–1600
A.D.
1600–1800
A.D.
1800–1900
A.D.
1900
A.D.
–Present
South and Southeast Asia
8000–2000
B.C.
2000–1000
B.C.
1000
B.C.
–1
A.D.
1–500
A.D.
500–1000
A.D.
1000–1400
A.D.
1400–1600
A.D.
1600–1800
A.D.
1800–1900
A.D.
1900
A.D.
–Present
West Asia
8000–2000
B.C.
2000–1000
B.C.
1000
B.C.
–1
A.D.
1–500
A.D.
500–1000
A.D.
1000–1400
A.D.
1400–1600
A.D.
1600–1800
A.D.
1800–1900
A.D.
1900
A.D.
–Present
Timelines
8,000–2,000
b.c.
Africa
Central America
Central and North Asia
East Asia
Europe
North America
Oceania
South America
South and Southeast Asia
West Asia
2,000–1,000
b.c.
Africa
Central America
Central and North Asia
East Asia
Europe
North America
Oceania
South America
South and Southeast Asia
West Asia
1,000
b.c.
–1
a.d.
Africa
Central America
Central and North Asia
East Asia
Europe
North America
Oceania
South America
South and Southeast Asia
West Asia
1–500
a.d.
Africa
Central America
Central and North Asia
East Asia
Europe
North America
Oceania
South America
South and Southeast Asia
West Asia
500–1,000
a.d.
Africa
Central America
Central and North Asia
East Asia
Europe
North America
Oceania
South America
South and Southeast Asia
West Asia
1,000–1400
a.d.
Africa
Central America
Central and North Asia
East Asia
Europe
North America
Oceania
South America
South and Southeast Asia
West Asia
1400–1600
a.d.
Africa
Central America
Central and North Asia
East Asia
Europe
North America
Oceania
South America
South and Southeast Asia
West Asia
1600–1800
a.d.
Africa
Central America
Central and North Asia
East Asia
Europe
North America
Oceania
South America
South and Southeast Asia
West Asia
1800–1900
a.d.
Africa
Central America
Central and North Asia
East Asia
Europe
North America
Oceania
South America
South and Southeast Asia
West Asia
1900
a.d.
–present
Africa
Central America
Central and North Asia
East Asia
Europe
North America
Oceania
South America
South and Southeast Asia
West Asia
Thematic Essays
Browse by Category
Recent Additions
All Thematic Essays
African Art
American Art
Ancient Near Eastern Art
Art of the Americas
Asian Art
Byzantine Art
Egyptian Art
European Art
Greek and Roman Art
Islamic Art
Medieval Art
Oceanic/Pacific Art
Prehistory
Browse by Geographical Region
Africa
Central America
Central and North Asia
East Asia
Europe
North America
Oceania
South America
South and Southeast Asia
West Asia
Browse by Time Period
20,000–8000
B.C.
8000–2000
B.C.
2000–1000
B.C.
1000
B.C.
–1
A.D.
1–500
A.D.
500–1000
A.D.
1000–1400
A.D.
1400–1600
A.D.
1600–1800
A.D.
1800–1900
A.D.
1900
A.D.
–Present
Browse by Department
American Decorative Arts
American Paintings and Sculpture
Ancient Near Eastern Art
Arms and Armor
Arts of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas
Asian Art
The Costume Institute
Drawings and Prints
Education
Egyptian Art
European Paintings
European Sculpture and Decorative Arts
Greek and Roman Art
Islamic Art
The Libraries
Medieval Art and The Cloisters
Musical Instruments
Nineteenth-Century, Modern, and Contemporary Art
Objects Conservation
Paintings Conservation
Paper Conservation
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Robert Lehman Collection
Scientific Research
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Works of Art
Index
About the Timeline
Bibliography
20,000-8,000 B.C.
8000-2000 B.C.
2000-1000 B.C.
1000 B.C.-1 A.D.
1-500 A.D.
500-1000 A.D.
1000-1400 A.D.
1400-1600 A.D.
1600-1800 A.D.
1800-1900 A.D.
1900 A.D.-present
African Art
Byzantine Art
Greek and Roman Art
Photography
Ancient American Art
Colonial Art of the Americas
Islamic Art
Prehistory
Ancient Near Eastern Art
Costume
Modern and Contemporary Art
Rulers, Abridged Lists
Arms and Armor
Egyptian Art
Musical Instruments
United States, Arts of
Asian Art
European Art
Oceania, Arts of
Subject
Artist
Timelines/Regions
Thematic Essays
Accession Number
Lists of Rulers
Useful Links
Selected Readings
European Art in the Middle Ages
Animals in Medieval Art
Armor, Fashion in European
Armor, Fashion in European, 1000–1300
Armor, Fashion in European, 1300–1400
Arms and Armor in Medieval Europe
Arms and Armor—Common Misconceptions and FAQs
Barbarians and Romans
Book in the Middle Ages, Art of the
Classical Antiquity in the Middle Ages
Crusades, The (1095–1291)
Cult of the Virgin Mary in the Middle Ages
Death in the Middle Ages
Decoration of European Armor
Europe, Abridged List of Rulers
Face in Medieval Sculpture
Feudalism and Knights in Medieval Europe
Fra Angelico (1395/1400–1455)
Fresco, Italian Painting of the Later Middle Ages
Function of Armor in Medieval and Renaissance Europe, The
German Sculpture, Late Medieval
German Sculpture, Late Medieval: Images for the Cult and for Private Devotion
German Sculpture, Late Medieval: Materials and Techniques
German Sculpture, Late Medieval: Polychromy and Monochromy
Gothic Art
Italian Painting, Later Middle Ages
Liturgy in the Middle Ages, Christian
Monasticism in Medieval Christianity
Panel Painting, Italian Painting of the Later Middle Ages
Private Devotion in Medieval Christianity
Relics and Reliquaries in Medieval Christianity
Roman Empire, Provinces of the Later (1–500 A.D.)
Romanesque Art
Saint Louis, The Age of (1226–1270)
Sculpture for Buildings, Medieval European
Sienese Painting
Stained Glass in Medieval Europe
Valois Courts, Early (1328–1461)
Valois Courts, Later (1461–1589)
Vikings, 780–1100
European Art in the Renaissance
Age of Exploration, Europe and
Anatomy in the Renaissance
Architecture in Renaissance Italy
Armor, Fashion in European
Armor, Fashion in European, 1400–1500
Armor, Fashion in European, 1500–1600
Armor, Fashion in European, 1600–1700
Arms and Armor in Renaissance Europe
Arms and Armor—Common Misconceptions and FAQs
Book Illustration, Woodcut: First Italian Books
Book Illustration, Woodcut: Florence,1490s
Book Illustration, Woodcut: Venice, 1490s
Book Illustration, Woodcut: Venice, 16th Century
Bronze Sculpture in the Renaissance
Bruegel, Pieter, the Elder (ca. 1525/30–1569)
Burgundian Netherlands: Court Life
Burgundian Netherlands: Private Life
Caravaggio (1571–1610) and his Followers
Carracci, Annibale (1560–1609)
Chopine, The
Classical Antiquity, Rediscovery of
Couples in Art
Decoration of Arms and Armor
Decoration of European Armor
Decoration on Arms and Armor, Techniques
Domestic Art in Renaissance Italy
Donatello (ca. 1386–1466)
Drawings, Renaissance: Material and Function
Dutch and Flemish Artists in Rome (1500–1600)
Dürer, Albrecht (1471–1528)
Elizabethan England
Engraving, Printed Image in the West
Europe and the Islamic World, 1600–1800
Europe, Abridged List of Rulers
Eyck, Jan van (ca. 1380/90–1441)
Famous Makers and European Centers of Arms and Armor Production
Fontainebleau
Fra Angelico (1395/1400–1455)
Function of Armor in Medieval and Renaissance Europe, The
Ghent Altarpiece, The
Goltzius, Hendrick (1558–1617)
Greco, El (1541–1614)
Holy Roman Empire and the Habsburgs (1400–1600)
Keyboards, Renaissance
Kunstkammer, Collecting for the
Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519)
Lippi, Filippino (1456/47–1504)
Lutes, Renaissance
Maiolica
Mannerism, Northern, Early 16th Century
Mannerism: Bronzino (1503–1572) and his Contemporaries
Manuscript Illumination in Italy (1400–1600)
Manuscript Illumination in Northern Europe
Military Music: American and European
Monteverdi, Claudio (1567–1643)
Music in the Renaissance
Northern Italian Renaissance Painting
Odhecaton, The
Opera
Organs, Renaissance
Painting in Oil, Low Countries and Southern Europe
Papacy and the Vatican Palace
Porcelain, Chinese Export, East and West
Prague and Rudolph II (1583–1612)
Printed Image in the West, The: History and Techniques
Prints, Italian Mythological
Prints, Italian Mythological, Heroes
Prints, Italian Mythological, Lovers
Prints, Italian Mythological, Poets
Recorder, Development of the
Reformation, The
Shoes in The Costume Institute
Sienese Painting
Sixteenth-Century Painting in Emilia-Romagna
Sixteenth-Century Painting in Lombardy
Sixteenth-Century Painting in Venice and the Veneto
Tapestry Production and Patronage, Europe, 1400–1600
Titian (ca. 1488–1576)
Trade Relations among European and African Nations
Venetian Color and Florentine Design
Villa, Idea and Invention
Violin Makers: Nicolò Amati and Antonio Stradivari
Violins, Renaissance
Woodcut, Printed Image in the West
European Art in the Seventeenth & Eighteenth Centuries
Aquatint, Printed Image in the West
Armor, Fashion in European
Baroque Rome
Bernini, Gian Lorenzo (1598–1680)
Blake, William (1757–1827)
Boucher, François (1703–1770)
Caravaggio (1571–1610) and his Followers
Clocks, European, 17th and 18th Century
Costume in The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Cristofori, Bartolomeo (1655–1731), The Pianofortes of
David, Jacques-Louis (1748–1825), Legacy of
Decoration of Arms and Armor
Decoration of European Armor
Decoration on Arms and Armor, Techniques
Drypoint, Printed Image in the West
Etching, Printed Image in the West
Europe, Abridged List of Rulers
European Dress, Eighteenth-Century
European Exploration of the Pacific, 1600–1800
Fragonard, Jean-Honoré (1732–1806)
French Academy in Rome
Furniture, French, 18h Century: Case Furniture
Furniture, French, 18th Century
Furniture, French, 18th Century: Seat Furniture
Gardens in the Court of Louis XIV and After
Gardens of Western Europe, 1600–1800
Gardens, Geometric to Informal
Goya, Francisco de (1746–1828)
Grand Tour
Interior Design in England, 1600–1800
Kero Cups, Colonial
Kilt, The
Mezzotint, Printed Image in the West
Military Music: American and European
Mission Schools in Mexico
Musical Terms, 17th and 18th Centuries
Naples, Art of the 17th and 18th Centuries
Neoclassical Temple, The
Neoclassicism
Opera
Orientalism in Nineteenth-Century Art
Piranesi, Giovanni Battista (1720–1778)
Polychrome Sculpture in Spanish America
Porcelain, Chinese Export, East and West
Porcelain, French, 18th Century
Porcelain, German and Austrian, 18th Century
Porcelain, Italian, 18th Century
Portrait Painting in England, 1600–1800
Poussin, Nicolas (1594–1665)
Prints, Italian Mythological
Prints, Italian Mythological, Heroes
Prints, Italian Mythological, Lovers
Prints, Italian Mythological, Poets
Recorder, Development of the
Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn (1606–1669): Paintings
Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn (1606–1669): Prints
Rubens, Peter Paul and Anthony an Dyck: Paintings
Rubens, Peter Paul and Anthony van Dyck: Works on Paper
Saint Petersburg
Shoes in The Costume Institute
Silhouette and Support, Eighteenth-Century
Silver, English, 1600–1800
Silver, French, 17th and 18th Centuries
Spanish Americas, Art, 1550–1850
Still-Life Painting in Northern Europe, 1600–1800
Talavera de Puebla
Tapestry Production and Patronage, Europe, 1600–1800
Textile Production in Europe, 1600–1800
Textile Production in Europe: Embroidery, 1600–1800
Textile Production in Europe: Lace, 1600–1800
Textile Production in Europe: Printed, 1600–1800
Textile Production in Europe: Silk, 1600–1800
Tiepolo, Giambattista (1696–1770)
Todini, Michele (1616–1690)
Trade, Manila Galleon (1565–1815)
Velázquez (1599–1660)
Venice in the 18th Century
Vermeer, Johannes (1632–1675)
Villa, Idea and Invention
Violin Makers: Nicolò Amati and Antonio Stradivari
Watercolor Painting in Britain, 1750–1850
Watteau, Antoine (1684–1721)
Women Painters in France, 18th century
European Art in the Nineteenth Century
Art Nouveau
Atget, Eugène (1857–1927)
Baldus, Édouard (1813–1889)
Ballet
Blake, William (1757–1827)
Cameron, Julia Margaret (1815–1879)
Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste (1827–1875)
Cassatt, Mary Stevenson (1845–1926)
Cézanne, Paul (1839–1906)
Classical Dress, Contemporary Deconstructions
Classical Music, 19th-Century
Constable, John (1776–1837)
Costume in The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Daguerre (1787-1851) and the Invention of Photography
Daguerreian Age in France: 1839–1855
David, Jacques-Louis (1748–1825), Legacy of
Degas, Edgar (1834–1917): Bronze Sculpture
Degas, Edgar (1834-1917): Painting and Drawing
Design Reform
Dresser, Christopher (1834–1904)
Duchamp, Marcel (1887–1968)
Empire Style, 1800–1815
Exoticism in the Decorative Arts
Fenton, Roger (1819–1869)
Gogh, Vincent van (1853–1890)
Gogh, Vincent van (1853–1890): The Drawings
Hill, David Octavius (1802-1870), and Robert Adamson (1821-1848) (1840s)
Impressionism: Art and Modernity
Japonisme
Kilt, The
Landscape Painting in France, Transformations
Le Gray, Gustav (1820–1884)
Lithography in the 19th Century
Manet, Édouard (1832–1883)
Matisse, Henri (1869–1954)
Military Music: American and European
Mission Héliographique, 1851
Modern Dress, Classical Art and
Modern Dress, Classicism
Modern Dress, The Chiton, Peplos, and Himation
Modern Dress, The Greek Key and Divine Attributes
Monet, Claude (1840–1926)
Nabis and Decorative Painting, The
Nadar (1820–1910)
Neoclassical Sculptors Abroad, American
Opera
Orientalism in Nineteenth-Century Art
Orientalism: Visions of the East in Western Dress
Ottomans and the Impact of Europe
Photographers in Egypt
Photography after 1860, French
Pictorialism, International
Post-Impressionism
Pre-Raphaelites
Print in the 19th Century, The
Realism, 19th-Century French
Revivalism, European
Robert, Louis-Rémy (1810–1882)
Rodin, Auguste (1840–1917)
Romanticism
Salon and the Royal Academy, The
Sargent, John Singer (1856–1925)
Sèvres Porcelain
Seurat, Georges (1859–1891) and Neo-Impressionism
Shoes in The Costume Institute
Silhouette and Support, Nineteenth-Century
Silver, Nineteenth-Century English
Talbot, William Henry Fox (1800-1877): Photography
Textile Production, Nineteenth-Century European
Turner, Joseph Mallord William (1775–1851)
Watercolor Painting in Britain, 1750–1850
Worth, Charles Frederick (1826–1895) and The House of Worth
European Art in the Twentieth Century
Abstraction, Geometric
Art Nouveau
Atget, Eugène (1857–1927)
Balenciaga, Cristobal (1895–1972)
Bauhaus, Photography
Bikini, The
Cartier-Bresson, Henri (1908–2004)
Chanel, Gabrielle "Coco" (1883–1971) and the House of Chanel
Classical Dress, Contemporary Deconstructions
Cocktail Hour, Dressing for the
Costume in The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Costume Institute, The Origins of the, Dress Rehearsal
Couture, Haute
Cubism
Degas, Edgar (1834–1917): Bronze Sculpture
Degas, Edgar (1834-1917): Painting and Drawing
Design, 1900–25
Design, 1925–50
Design, 1950–75
Design, 1975–Present
Dior, Christian (1905–1957)
Duchamp, Marcel (1887–1968)
Fashion, Italian, from 1950 to Now, Made in Italy
Fauvism
Hemingway, Ernest (1899–1961) and Art
Kilt, The
Klee, Paul (1879–1940)
Matisse, Henri (1869–1954)
Modern Dress, Classical Art and
Modern Dress, Classicism
Modern Dress, The Chiton, Peplos, and Himation
Modern Dress, The Greek Key and Divine Attributes
Nabis and Decorative Painting, The
Photography and Surrealism
Photography in Düsseldorf
Photography in Europe, 1945–60
Photography in the Expanded Field
Photography, Art and: 1980s
Photography, Art and: 1990s–Present
Photography, New Vision
Photojournalism and the Picture Press in Germany
Picasso, Pablo (1881–1973)
Pictorialism, International
Plastics, Modern Materials
Post-Impressionism
Rodin, Auguste (1840–1917)
Sargent, John Singer (1856–1925)
School of Paris
Seurat, Georges (1859–1891) and Neo-Impressionism
Silhouette and Support, Twentieth-Century
Surrealism
Westwood, Vivienne (born 1941) and Punk Style
Timeline Site Map
Index
About the Timeline
Navigating the Timeline
Image Copyrights and Credits
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