Portrait of a Cardinal, Probably Cardinal Don Fernando Niño de Guevara (1541–1609) | El Greco (Domenikos Theotokopoulos) | All | European Paintings | Collection Database | Works of Art

Signatures, Inscriptions, and Markings

Signed (lower center, on paper, in Greek): Domenikos Theotokopoulos / made this

Gallery LabelThis celebrated portrait—one of El Greco's greatest—probably shows Niño de Guevara, who was made cardinal in 1596 and archbishop of Seville in 1601. Philip III appointed him to the Consejo Real and Inquisitor General; as such he had charge of the Inquisition (he was forced to resign the post in 1602). As Inquisitor General, Guevara was in Toledo in February and March 1600, and visited the city again in 1601 and 1604; his portrait would have been painted on one of these occasions.

Alternatively, the portrait has been identified as Bernardo de Sandoval y Rojas, cardinal archbishop of Toledo (1546–1618) and a dedicated church reformer, patron of the arts, and Guevara's successor as Inquisitor General (1608). Recent research into the provenance of the painting makes this identification less likely.

NotesAccording to Cossío (Ref. 1908) an old copy of this portrait hung opposite the tomb of Cardinal Guevara in his family chapel in the convent of San Pablo Ermitaño, Toledo. Reference to this copy, which was no longer in place in 1955, has led some authors to believe that our portrait originally hung in the same spot. Wethey (Ref. 1962) suggests instead that our painting hung within the convent itself and Cossío (Ref. 1908) reports that the painting was at some point withdrawn from the convent to the Oñate palace, where it remained in the possession of the sitter's family until it was bought for the Havemeyers.

The sitter has traditionally been called Cardinal Don Fernando Niño de Guevara on the basis of the identification given to this portrait in the 1884 inventory of paintings owned by the Condesa viuda de Oñate (see Refs. Sánchez Cantón 1923), whose family appears to have inherited it from the sitter himself. Niño de Guevara was made Cardinal in 1596, leaving shortly thereafter for Rome; he returned to Toledo to assume the office of Grand Inquisitor on December 23, 1599, and on December 18, 1601 he assumed the office of Archbishop of Seville. More recently, Brown and Carr (see Ref. 1982) identified the sitter as Cardinal Bernardo de Sandoval y Rojas, who was elevated to cardinal and named archbishop of Toledo in 1599; he died in 1618. The same authors later concluded (Ref. 1984) that no evidence has yet been found that can definitively resolve the sitter's identity in favor of one or the other cardinal. Xavier de Salas (Ref. 1982) identified the sitter as Gaspar de Quiroga, who was archbishop of Toledo from 1577 until his death in 1594.

ProvenanceRodrigo Las[s]o de la Vega, 2nd Conde de Añover (d. 1620 in Flanders), nephew of Cardinal don Fernando Niño de Guevara; his nephew, Luis Las[s]o de la Vega, 3rd Conde de Añover, Madrid (d. 1632; his inventory 1632, as "Un retrato del Cardl D. Ferdo Niño arçobispo de Sevilla. Inquisidor genl sentado en silla. en cien ducos.", sold for 80 ducados, possibly within the family); his father (and brother of Rodrigo), Pedro Las[s]o de la Vega, 1st Conde de los Arcos (d. 1637; his inventory as "Fernando Niño, Arzobispo de Sevilla, inquisidor general, sentado en silla 100 duc", 1632); Condes de Añover de Tormes; Condes de Oñate, Madrid; María Josefa de la Cerda, Condessa viuda de Oñate, Oñate Palace, Madrid (until 1884; her inventory, no. 747); José Reniero, 16th Conde de Oñate, Oñate Palace, Madrid (from 1891); Conde de Paredes de Nava, Oñate Palace, Madrid (by 1902–04; sold June 1, 1904 for 200,000 pesetas to Durand-Ruel); [Durand-Ruel, Paris, 1904; sold for Fr 225,000 to Havemeyer]; Mr. and Mrs. H. O. Havemeyer, New York (1904–his d. 1907); Mrs. H. O. (Louisine W.) Havemeyer, New York (1907–d. 1929)

Exhibition History

Madrid. Museo Nacional de Pintura y Escultura. "Exposición de las obras de Domenico Theotocopuli, llamado El Greco," 1902, no. 13.

New York. M. Knoedler & Co.. "Loan Exhibition of Paintings by El Greco and Goya," April 2–20, 1912, no. 1.

New York. M. Knoedler & Co.. "Loan Exhibition of Paintings by El Greco and Goya," January 1915, no. 2.

New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "The H. O. Havemeyer Collection," March 10–November 2, 1930, no. 67.

Art Institute of Chicago. "A Century of Progress," June 1–November 1, 1933, no. 170.

Brooklyn Museum. "Exhibition of Spanish Painting," October 4–31, 1935, no. 41.

New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Art Treasures of the Metropolitan," November 7, 1952–September 7, 1953, no. 123.

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. "Masterpieces of Painting in The Metropolitan Museum of Art," September 16–November 1, 1970, unnumbered cat.

New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Splendid Legacy: The Havemeyer Collection," March 27–June 20, 1993, no. A304.

Madrid. Museo Nacional del Prado. "Felipe II, un monarca y su época: un príncipe del renacimiento," October 13, 1998–January 10, 1999, no. 138.

New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "El Greco," October 7, 2003–January 11, 2004, no. 80.

London. National Gallery. "El Greco," February 11–May 23, 2004, no. 80.

References

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Curatorial Department

European Paintings: All