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processional banner|spinello aretino spinello di luca spinelli|ca. 1395–1400|13.175

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* This information may change as the result of ongoing research.

Artist Spinello Aretino (Spinello di Luca Spinelli) (Italian, Tuscan, active by 1373, died 1411)
TitleProcessional Banner
Dateca. 1395–1400
MediumTempera on canvas, gold ground
Dimensions69 1/2 x 47 1/4 in. (176.5 x 120 cm)
Credit LineGift of the family of Francis M. Bacon, 1914
Accession Number13.175

Gallery Label
Additional Views (Total: 1)
Notes
Provenance
Exhibition History
References

Gallery LabelDuring the middle ages laymen often joined religious confraternities in which they met for devotions and performed charitable acts. Their hooded robes rendered such acts anonymous, in conformity with Christ's injunction that good works should not be done for vain praise. This extremely rare work was commissioned in about 1395–1400 by the Confraternity of Saint Mary Magdalen in Borgo San Sepolcro and would have been carried in religious processions. On one side it shows the members of the confraternity kneeling before their patron saint, who is serenaded by a choir of angels. Mary Magdalen's ointment jar decorates the sleeves of their robes. On the reverse side is the Flagellation of Christ—a reminder of the penitential practices the confraternity would have performed.

The lightly drawn features of the face of Christ are modern; the original was removed in the nineteenth century and is now in the Camposanto Teutonico, Rome. The banner is otherwise remarkably well preserved.

References

Giovanni Battista Cavalcaselle. Unpublished manuscript. n.d. [Biblioteca Marciana, Venice; see Ref. Gardner 1972].

J. A. Crowe and G. B. Cavalcaselle. A History of Painting in Italy from the Second to the Fourteenth Century. 2, London, 1864, pp. 17–18.

Oderigi Lucarelli. Memorie e guida storica di Gubbio. Città di Castello, 1888, p. 537, no. 212.

J[oseph]. A[rcher]. Crowe and G[iovanni]. B[attista]. Cavalcaselle. "Giotto and the Giottesques." A History of Painting in Italy: Umbria, Florence and Siena from the Second to the Sixteenth Century. 2, repr. 1923. London, 1903, p. 263.

Frank Jewett Mather, Jr. "A Processional Banner by Spinello Aretino." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 9 (February 1914), pp. 43–46, ill. (recto).

F. Mason Perkins. "Una tavola d'altare di Spinello Aretino." Rassegna d'arte 18 (1918), p. 6, ill. p. 4 (recto).

Raimond van Marle. "The Florentine School of the 14th Century." The Development of the Italian Schools of Painting. 3, The Hague, 1924, p. 603.

Georg Gombosi. Spinello Aretino. Budapest, 1926, pp. 37–39, 117, 135.

Alan Burroughs. "The Flagellation by Spinello Aretino Revealed by the X-ray." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 23 (November 1928), pp. 274–78, ill. (overall and x-ray details).

Bernhard Berenson. Italian Pictures of the Renaissance. Oxford, 1932, p. 548.

Bernhard Berenson. Pitture italiane del rinascimento. Milan, 1936, p. 471.

[F. Mason] Perkins in Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Künstler. 31, Leipzig, 1937, p. 386.

Harry B. Wehle. The Metropolitan Museum of Art: A Catalogue of Italian, Spanish, and Byzantine Paintings. New York, 1940, pp. 15–16, ill. (recto).

Mario Salmi. "L'arte gotica e l'arte del primo rinascimento." L'arte italiana. 2, Florence, 1942, p. 133, fig. 200 (recto).

George Kaftal. Iconography of the Saints in Tuscan Painting. Florence, 1952, p. XXVII n. 5, col. 717.

Millard Meiss. "An Early Altarpiece from the Cathedral of Florence." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 12 (June 1954), p. 302.

Meyer Schapiro. "On an Italian Painting of the Flagellation of Christ in the Frick Collection." Scritti di storia dell'arte in onore di Lionello Venturi. 1, Rome, 1956, p. 34.

Federico Zeri. "Reintegrazione di uno stendardo di Spinello nel Metropolitan Museum." Paragone 9 (September 1958), pp. 63–67, figs. 40 (recto), 41 (verso), 43 (reconstruction of verso).

Walther Kuhn and W. F. Volbach in Frühchristliche Kunst aus Rom. Exh. cat., Villa Hügel. Essen, 1962, p. 206, under no. 428, fig. 428 (reconstruction of verso).

Bernard Berenson. Italian Pictures of the Renaissance: Florentine School. London, 1963, vol. 1, pp. 205–6, pls. 404 (recto), 405 (reconstruction of verso).

C. M. Kauffmann. "Barnaba da Modena and the Flagellants of Genoa." Victoria and Albert Museum Bulletin 2 (January 1966), pp. 12, 19.

Ferdinando Bologna. I pittori alla corte Angioina di Napoli, 1266–1414. Rome, 1969, pp. 237, 240, 282 n. 10.

Federico Zeri with the assistance of Elizabeth E. Gardner. Italian Paintings: A Catalogue of the Collection of The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Florentine School. New York, 1971, pp. 43–46, ill. (recto and verso).

Burton B. Fredericksen and Federico Zeri. Census of Pre-Nineteenth-Century Italian Paintings in North American Public Collections. Cambridge, Mass., 1972, pp. 192, 285, 429, 533, 606.

Elizabeth E. Gardner. "Dipinti rinascimentali del Metropolitan Museum nelle carte di G. B. Cavalcaselle." Saggi e memorie di storia dell'arte 8 (1972), p. 72, figs. 13 (sketch of recto), 14 (recto), 15 (sketch of verso), 16 (verso).

Miklòs Boskovits. Pittura fiorentina alla vigilia del Rinascimento, 1370–1400. Florence, 1975, pp. 146–47, 249 n. 249, pp. 439, 441, fig. 516 (verso).

H. Colin Slim. "Mary Magdalene, Musician and Dancer." Early Music 8 (October 1980), pp. 461–62, fig. 3 (recto).

Diane Wolfthal. The Beginnings of Netherlandish Canvas Painting: 1400–1530. Cambridge, 1989, p. 5, fig. 8 (recto).

Frank Dabell in The Dictionary of Art. 29, New York, 1996, pp. 405–6.

Andrea De Marchi in Oro. maestri gotici e Lucio Fontana. Exh. cat., Compagnia di Belle Arti. Milan, 1998, p. 41 n. 14.

Charlotte Hale. "The Technique and Materials of the 'Intercession of Christ and the Virgin' Attributed to Lorenzo Monaco." The Fabric of Images: European Paintings on Textile Supports in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. London, 2000, pp. 36, 40 n. 30.

Carl Brandon Strehlke. Italian Paintings 1250–1450 in the John G. Johnson Collection and the Philadelphia Museum of Art. Philadelphia, 2004, pp. 142–43 n. 40.

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