DescriptionCompleted by 1408 or 1409, probably in Paris, "The Belles Heures," a private devotional book, was the first of several sumptuous manuscripts commissioned by the duke of Berry from the Limbourg brothers, Pol, Jean, and Herman. It is perhaps the only virtually complete and stylistically consistent prayer book to survive from the duke's extraordinary library. The richly illustrated text is amplified by unusual cycles reflecting the duke's personal interests. Using a luminous palette, the artists blended an intimate Northern vision of nature with Italianate modes of figural articulation. The keen interest in the natural world and the naturalistic means of representing it, so striking in ninety-four full-page and fifty-four column illuminations, foreshadow the work of Jan van Eyck and the ensuing generations of outstanding fifteenth-century painters in the South Lowlands.

ProvenanceJean, Duke of Berry, 1408–9; first included in his inventory (1413–d. 1416); Yolande of Aragon, Queen of Sicily and Duchess of Anjou (purchased in 1416 from the Duke's estate–d. 1443); Baron d'Ailly (sold 1880); Baron Edmond de Rothschild, Paris, France (acquired 1880, his inventory no. 18); Baron Maurice de Rothschild, Geneva, Switzerland (acquired 1936, his inventory no. 7); [Rosenberg & Stiebel, New York]