Sugar bowl with cover

Europeans not only used sugar to sweeten coffee, tea, and chocolate imported from the Americas, India, and East Asia, but also to complement savory dishes and flavor fruit and desserts. The taste for sugar drove a rapid expansion of enslaved labor in the Caribbean.



Crystallized sugar was shipped in hard, paper-wrapped cones which had to be broken or cut into small pieces. Served in a bowl, small lumps of sugar were offered with tea and coffee, the hot liquids quickly dissolving the lumps of sugar. Alternatively, the imported sugar was refined in France and crushed into a fine powder for use as a condiment during the meal. This required a different type of serving vessel: either a caster with an openwork lid for sprinkling, or a lidded bowl with a pierced spoon for dusting.



From about 1770, a form of sugar container that was popular in England became fashionable in France. This consisted of a blue glass liner set in a small openwork silver basket. Here, the silver frame is created to resemble the garden façade of the design for the Palais-Royal in Paris. Commissioned by the future Phillipe Egalité and designed by Victor Louis, the Palais Royal was completed in 1784. The building was immediately successful, with its luxury shops, cafés, and gambling clubs. The frame of the sugar bowl accurately evokes the arcades, grilles, and lanterns with the fleur-de-lis of the Orleans family. The finial consists of a cluster of strawberries, their sweetness indicates the tureen’s function as a container for sugar.



Daughter of one of the founders of the Weyerhaeuser Timber Company, Catherine D. Wentworth (1865–1948) was an art student and painter who lived in France for thirty years. She became one of the most important American collectors of eighteenth-century French silver and on her death in 1948 bequeathed part of her significant collection of silver, gold boxes, French furniture, and textiles to the Metropolitan Museum.