The towering slit gongs of northern Vanuatu are among the largest musical instruments in the world. Found primarily on Ambrym, Malekula, and neighboring islands, they are carved from the trunks of breadfruit trees, which are also an important food source. In each village, a number of gongs, comprising a sort of informal orchestra, stand on the village dancing ground. Gong orchestras are played at major social and religious events such as initiations, funerals, and dances. When playing, the musician stands in front of the gong and strikes the lip of the slit with a clublike wooden beater. As the gong ensemble is played, rhythms of immense variety and complexity can be produced by the carefully coordinated actions of multiple drummers.
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Artwork Details
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Title:Slit Gong (Atingting kon)
Artist:Tin Mweleun (commissioned by Tain Mal)
Date:mid- to late 1960s
Geography:Vanuatu, Ambrym Island
Medium:Wood, paint
Dimensions:H. 14 ft. 7 1/4 in. × W. 28 in. × D. 23 1/2 in. (445.1 × 71.1 × 59.7 cm) H. to top of peg: 12 ft. 4 1/2 in. (377.2 cm)
Classification:Wood-Musical Instruments
Credit Line:Rogers Fund, 1975
Object Number:1975.93
[Staempfli Gallery, New York, until 1975]
Shanghai. Museum of Art Pudong. "The Shape of Time: Art and Ancestors of Oceania from The Metropolitan Museum of Art," June 1–August 20, 2023.
Doha. Qatar Museums. "The Shape of Time: Art and Ancestors of Oceania from The Metropolitan Museum of Art," October 24, 2023–January 15, 2024.
Speiser, F. Die Kleinwüchsigen Asiens (Andamanen, Malacca, Philippinen, Wedda) und Beschreibung einzelner Inselgruppen Melanesiens [The Pygmy People of Asia in the Andamans, Malacca, the Philippines and Vedda, as well as a description of some Melanesian Island Groups. Basel, Switzerland, 1930.
Deacon, Bernard, and George Routledge and Sons. Malekula, a Vanishing People in the New Hebrides, edited by Camilla H. Wedgwood. London, 1934, pp. 499–503.
Guiart, Jean. L'Art Autochtone de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Vol. vol. 9, no. 9. Nouméa: Editions des Etudes mélanésiennes, 1953, p. 334.
Guiart, Jean. "Notes sur les tambours d'Ambrym." Journal de la Société des océanistes vol. 12 (1956), pp. 334–36.
Paton, W.F. Customs of Ambrym: Texts, Songs, Games,and Drawings. Pacific Linguistics Series, Vol. vol. 22. Canberra: The Australian National University, 1979, p. 60.
Crowe, Peter Russell. "Music in Vanuatu." In Arts of Vanuatu, edited by Joël Bonnemaison. Bathurst: Crawford House Publishing, 1996, pp. 145–49, 154–57, 145, 147.
Pataud-Celerier, Philippe. "In the Land of the Slit Gongs That Are Still Standing." Tribal Arts vol. 2 (Autumn 1997), pp. 56–62.
Kjellgren, Eric. "From Fanla to New York and Back: Recovering the Authorship and Iconography of a Slit Drum from Ambrym Island, Vanuatu." Journal of Museum Ethnography vol. 17 (2005), pp. 118, 120, 126–27.
Kjellgren, Eric. Oceania: Art of the Pacific Islands in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York and New Haven: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2007, pp. 176–78, no. 105.
Kjellgren, Eric. How to Read Oceanic Art. How to Read 3. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2014, pp. 84–87.
Moore J. Kenneth, Bradley Strauchen-Scherer, and Jayson Kerr Dobney. Musical Instruments: Highlights of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. First Printing ed. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2015, p. 176.
Nuku, Maia. Oceania: The Shape of Time. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2023, p. 112, fig. 62.
Focus on a slit gong in the Museum's Oceanic collection to illustrate the impact of scale in works of art, and consider objects' functions in their original contexts and ways different communities engage with their elders and ancestors. Classroom viewing questions and an oral history activity enhance the lesson.
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The Met's collection of art of the peoples of sub-Saharan Africa, the Pacific Islands, and North, Central, and South America comprises more than eleven thousand works of art of varied materials and types, representing diverse cultural traditions from as early as 3000 B.C.E. to the present.