River Wye, part X, plate 48 from "Liber Studiorum"
Designed and etched by Joseph Mallord William Turner British
Engraver William T. Annis British
Publisher Joseph Mallord William Turner British
Not on view
Turner distilled his ideas about landscape In "Liber Studiorum" (Latin for Book of Studies), a series of seventy prints plus a frontispiece published between 1807 and 1819. To establish the compositions, he made brown watercolor drawings, then etched outlines onto copper plates. Professional engravers usually developed the tone under Turner's direction, and Annis here added mezzotint to evoke a peaceful evening on the River Wye with the sun settng behind Chepstow Castle (the latter also appears in "The Junction of the Severn and the Wye," no. 28 in the Liber). It is as though the artist decided to produce a perfect example of the Picturesque, a kind of landscape much debated in eighteenth-century Britain. Characteristic elements include the pleasing irregularity of the ruined castle over the looping river, and smudge of smoke produced by a charcoal burner, with placid cows and male swimmers adding notes of local interest. The letters "EP" in the upper margin likely stand for Elevated Pastoral and were applied by Turner to landscapes within the set that echo the Arcadian sensibility of Claude.
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