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Artwork Details
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Title:All That Rises Must Converge
Artist:Barbara Chase-Riboud (American, born Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1939)
Date:1973
Medium:Polished bronze, synthetic silk, and silk fiber
Dimensions:9 ft. 2 in. × 42 in. × 24 in., 524 lb. (279.4 × 106.7 × 61 cm)
Classification:Sculpture
Credit Line:Purchase, Hortense and William A. Mohr Sculpture Purchase Fund and Madeline Mohr Gift, 1992
Accession Number:1992.265
Inscription: Signed and dated (right side of base): BCR 73
the artist, Paris (1973–92; sold to MMA)
Staatliche Kunsthalle Baden-Baden. Fall 1973.
Krefeld. Galerie and Edition Merian. "Chase-Riboud / Calderara," November 16–December 11, 1973, unnumbered cat.
Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris. "Barbara Chase-Riboud," April 25–June 2, 1974, unnumbered cat. (as "All That Rises Must Converge").
Kunstverein Freiburg. "Chase-Riboud: Skulpturen, Zeichnungen," January 23–February 22, 1976.
Arles. Musée Réattu. July–September 1976.
Bronx Museum of the Arts. "3 Sculptors: Chase-Riboud, Edwards, Hunt," May 11–June 29, 1979 (lent courtesy the artist).
Long Island City. Institute for Art and Urban Resources. "Afro-American Abstraction," February 17–April 6, 1980 (lent by the artist, on extended loan to MMA).
Philadelphia Museum of Art. "Barbara Chase-Riboud: The Malcolm X Steles," September 14, 2013–January 20, 2014, no. 4 (as "All That Rises Must Converge / Gold").
Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive. "Barbara Chase-Riboud: The Malcolm X Steles," February 12–April 27, 2014, no. 4 (as "All That Rises Must Converge / Gold").
Museum of Modern Art, New York. "The Encounter: Barbara Chase-Riboud/Alberto Giacometti," May 5–October 9, 2023, no catalogue.
Creating Their Own Image: The History of African-American Women Artists., p. 179.
John Russell. "Art: Abstractions From Afro-America." New York Times (March 14, 1980), p. C19.
Peter Selz. Barbara Chase-Riboud: Sculptor. Ed. Anthony F. Janson Peter Selz. New York, 1999, p. 40, ill. p. 4, calls it "All That Rises Must Converge/Gold".
Peter Selz. "Barbara Chase Riboud's Sculpture." Callaloo 32 (Summer 2009), p. 868, calls it "All That Rises Must Converge/Gold".
Ellen Handler Spitz inBarbara Chase-Riboud: The Malcolm X Steles. Ed. Carlos Basualdo. Exh. cat., Philadelphia Museum of Art. Philadelphia, 2013, p. 101, colorpl. 4.
Judith E. Stein. "Facing History." Art in America (March 2014), ill. p. 125 (color, installation view Exh Philadelphia 2013–14).
Barbara Chase-Riboud. Malcolm X: Complete. Exh. cat., Michael Rosenfeld Gallery. New York, 2017, p. 85, ill. (color) and fig. 3 (color, installation view Exh Philadelphia 2013–14), call it "All that Must Converge/Gold".
Erin Gilbert. Oral history interview with Barbara Chase-Riboud. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. June 8–11, 2019.
Peter Müller-Munk (American (born Germany) Berlin 1904–1967 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)
1935
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