Manuscripts from the Safavid capital, such as this copy of Nizami's Khamsa, are notable for their high-quality illustrations and bindings. Characteristic of Persian doublures of this period is the contrasting colors of this example: the burgundy of the leather, the blue of the center and corner-pieces, and the gold gilding. Venetian Renaissance gilded leather bindings were particularly influenced by Safavid and Ottoman examples.

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