Mosaic bead

Glass beads were popular during the Sasanian period: various types were manufactured in different styles from Rome to Egypt. This particular style, with a dark color, is likely local to Mesopotamia in this period. At Ctesiphon there is evidence for local manufacture of glass objects from the Italian excavations at the site of Choche. This cylindrical bead has a wavy mosaic pattern of green, black, buff, and some red.

The city of Ctesiphon was located on the east bank of the Tigris River, 20 miles (32 km) south of modern Baghdad in Iraq. It flourished for more than 800 years as the capital of the Parthians and the Sasanians, the last two dynasties to rule the ancient Near East before the Islamic conquest in the seventh century. Systematic excavations in the Ctesiphon area were undertaken by an expedition in 1928–29 sponsored by the German Oriental Society (Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft). The Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Staatliche Museen, Berlin, undertook a joint expedition for one season in 1931–32. Several excavations were conducted, including at the main palace (Taq-i Kisra), in a small fortified area south of the palace at Tell Dheheb, at multiple houses at the mounds of Ma’aridh, and at additional houses at a small mound called Umm ez-Za’tir.

Over the course of the excavations in the Ctesiphon area, six houses from a series of small mounds called el Ma’aridh were excavated. These houses follow typical Sasanian design with a mix of square and elongated rooms. The house called Ma’aridh I is notable for its columned porch, which may have been decorated. Stucco reliefs were used to adorn the reception hall uncovered in the northwest part of the excavations and another room was decorated with figural scenes painted in vibrant colors. The excavated Sasanian houses have revealed that usually only one large hall or reception area was decorated, with the rest of the house coated with plain plaster. According to the excavators, the various walls and rooms of Ma’aridh I were expanded and altered throughout the Sasanian period. The house’s large size (800 square meters were excavated) and the rich finds, such as carnelian and beads, indicate the wealth of the Sasanian elites who resided here.