Ben Arthur, Scotland, part XIV, plate 69 from "Liber Studiorum"

Designed and etched by Joseph Mallord William Turner British
 Engraver Thomas Goff Lupton British
 Publisher Joseph Mallord William Turner British

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Turner distilled his ideas about landscape In "Liber Studiorum" (Latin for Book of Studies), a series of seventy prints plus a frontispiece published between 1807 and 1819. To establish the compositions, he made brown watercolor drawings, then etched outlines onto copper plates. Professional engravers usually developed the tone under Turner's direction and Lupton here added mezzotint to describe a steep ravine next to the mountain known in Gaelic as Beinn Artair, one of the most impressive peaks in the Scottish Highlands. Dramatic shifts of light created by rapidly changing weather dramatizes the scene, while the letter "M" in the upper margin indicates Turner's category of Mountainous landscape.

Ben Arthur, Scotland, part XIV, plate 69 from "Liber Studiorum", Designed and etched by Joseph Mallord William Turner (British, London 1775–1851 London), Etching and mezzotint; second state of three (Finberg)

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