Bwami society lukumbu lwa kabwitu headdress

This tall, domed headdress was worn by an advanced member of Bwami, the many-graded society that governed Lega civic and moral life. The goat hide and fur covering of this lukumbu lwa kabwitu was associated with initiates of advanced standing within Bwami, especially those who had attained the highest and second highest grades (kindi and yananio, respectively). That medium signaled the wearer’s discipline, humility, and responsibility.


Beyond signaling status, Bwami society headdresses act as visual cues for proverbs and teachings that guide moral conduct. The large shells affixed to either side of this hat likely refer to the waxing moon, a symbol of cyclical growth and renewal. The stitched buttons that extend along the chin straps signal the owner’s wealth and erudition. Such prestigious apparel was worn during initiations and other public ceremonies to inculcate shared values among viewers.