This bronze ritual object connected with Esoteric Buddhism symbolizes the Wheel of the Law (Sanskrit: dharmachakra). In Buddhist texts and rituals, the phrase “turning the wheel of the law” refers to the act of teaching by the Buddha Shakyamuni. Each of the eight spokes and eight corners represents one of the moral admonitions of the Noble Eightfold Path, and the central section depicts a lotus flower with eight petals.
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輪宝
Title:Wheel of the Buddhist Law (Rinpō)
Period:Kamakura period (1185–1333)
Date:late 13th century
Culture:Japan
Medium:Gilt bronze
Dimensions:Diam. 5 in.(12.7 cm); Th. 3/8 in. (11 cm); Wt. approx. 1.2 lbs (530 g.)
Classification:Metalwork
Credit Line:Mary Griggs Burke Collection, Gift of the Mary and Jackson Burke Foundation, 2015
Accession Number:2015.300.296
A number of ritual objects connected with Esoteric Buddhism such as the chakra (J: rinpō), or wheel, have a long history in Buddhist iconography, dating back to the era before anthropomorphic depictions of the Buddha were established and standardized. In Buddhist texts and rituals, the phrase "Turning of the Wheel of the Law" refers to the act of teaching by the Buddha Shakyamuni, and in India the wheel was used in early Buddhist imagery to represent the Buddha himself. According to the Chōagongyō Sutra, a chakra once preceded a military ruler into battle and vanquished his enemies.[1] The image of a chakra hurtling through the air as it precedes a deity on his way to cure an ailing emperor appears in the twelfth-century emaki the Shigisan engi emaki (Legends of Mount Shigi), in the Chōgosonshiji, Nara.[2] Appropriated as a ritual object by Esoteric Buddhism, the chakra continued to symbolize the teachings of the Buddha and was also thought to have the power to overcome delusions. The eight spokes in this wheel, which correspond to the eight points on the outer edge, are shaped like a vajra (cat. no. 30). The hub resembles a lotus flower with eight petals and innumerable stamens. Two rings circle the rim where it meets the spokes, the inner ring with a pearl motif, the outer with a pattern of flower petals. The vajra-shaped spokes are thin in contrast to the outer rim, which is wide and thick—features suggesting that this chakra is a work of the late Kamakura period. [Miyeko Murase 2000, Bridge of Dreams] [1] Daizōkyō 1914–32, vol. I, no. 151. [2] Komatsu Shigemi 1977b, pp. 64–65.
Mary and Jackson Burke Foundation , New York (until 2015; donated to MMA)
Tokyo National Museum. "Nihon bijutsu meihin ten: nyūyōku bāku korekushon," May 21, 1985–June 30, 1985.
Nagoya City Art Museum. "Nihon bijutsu meihin ten: nyūyōku bāku korekushon," August 17, 1985–September 23, 1985.
Atami. MOA Museum of Art. "Nihon bijutsu meihin ten: nyūyōku bāku korekushon," September 29, 1985–October 27, 1985.
Hamamatsu City Museum of Art. "Nihon bijutsu meihin ten: nyūyōku bāku korekushon," November 12, 1985–December 1, 1985.
New York. Asia Society. "Art of Japan: Selections from the Burke Collection, pts. I and II," October 2, 1986–February 22, 1987.
Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt. "Die Kunst des Alten Japan: Meisterwerke aus der Mary and Jackson Burke Collection," September 16, 1990–November 18, 1990.
New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Masterpieces of Japanese Art from The Mary Griggs Burke Collection," March 30–June 25, 2000.
New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Japanese Mandalas: Emanations and Avatars," June 18–November 30, 2009.
New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Celebrating the Arts of Japan: The Mary Griggs Burke Collection," October 20, 2015–May 14, 2017.
New York. Asia Society Museum. "Kamakura: Realism and Spirituality in the Sculpture of Japan," February 9, 2016–May 8, 2016.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Anxiety and Hope in Japanese Art," April 8, 2023–July 14, 2024.
Murase, Miyeko, Il Kim, Shi-yee Liu, Gratia W. Nakahashi, Stephanie Wada, Soyoung Lee, and David Ake Sensabaugh. Art Through a Lifetime: The Mary Griggs Burke Collection. Vol. 2, Japanese Objects, Korean Art, Chinese Art. [New York]: Mary and Jackson Burke Foundation, [2013], p. 147, cat. no. 813.
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