Curb Bit

This bit is called a spade bit. The spade, a kind of mouthpiece typical of California, is the flat extension at the top pressing against the horse’s palate when the reins are pulled. The braces attached to it prevent the horse from putting its tongue over the mouthpiece, causing injuries, and the small copper rollers on them had the purpose of ‘entertaining’ the horse, who, by playing with them with its tongue, would salivate and relax its jaw. Moreover, copper, reacting by electrolysis with the warmth and moisture of the mouth, has a pleasant taste to horses and helps them to accept the bit.

The shanks are of Santa Barbara style, which has been the most popular type of shank in California since the 19th century. They first appeared in the early 19th century and were popularized by the famous bit maker Jesus Madueño in Santa Barbara from the 1850's onwards.

This bit, however, was not made in California. It was manufactured by Joseph Baldwin and Co., established in Newark N.J. in 1848, which produced among other goods such bits for the Californian and Mexican market.