This figure looks very much like a Buddha, but it is actually a Tirthankara, of the Jain religion. According to Jain doctrine, there were twenty-four Tirthankaras. The word means “one who crosses the ford,” that is to say becomes a transcendent being, like Buddhas. Both Tirthankarasand Buddhas are often portrayed meditating in the yogic posture you see here. But the mark on this figure’s chest is unique to Tirthankaras—it’s a sign of good fortune. The white marble of the statue is also another distinguishing feature: it’s from Gujarat, the center for Jainism, and is used in many important Jain monuments.
Jain sculpture is conservative. The Tirthankara figures are outwardly passive, with a minimum of drapery to distract the viewer. Some Jain sculptures are blocky and schematized, but here, the forms are soft and the volumes flow beautifully one into the other. Jainism and Buddhism were founded about the same time and share many beliefs. Jainism offers release from the cycle of endless rebirth through purification of the mind and body, emphasizing discipline and asceticism. You may notice that above and behind this sculpture is an impressive wooden dome. This is from a late 15th century Jain meeting hall. To hear more about it, move to the side of this figure. Then enter number 7980 on your player.