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Commemorative Stela for Queen M.s.r (or M.s.n) Inscribed in Ornamental Kufic

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The Arabic inscriptions in ornamental Kufic script on the stelae found at the sites of Gao or Saney are among the earliest datable, locally produced historical records. They concern a series of twelfth-century rulers of Gao whose existence is otherwise unrecorded by external Arabic sources or later seventeenth-century Timbuktu chronicles. This inscription commemorates a queen, or malika. Such women served as leaders in parallel to kings in a high office that originated in Gao and was preserved by its Muslim leadership.

Commemorative Stela for Queen M.s.r (or M.s.n) Inscribed in Ornamental Kufic, Schist

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Photo: Antoine Tempé