In proof of true love, a watercarrier skeleton arguing with a woman (Posada); two skeleton angels in upper corners (Manilla)

Publisher Antonio Vanegas Arroyo Mexican
ca. 1890–1896
Not on view
The overall conceit of this broadside is the futility of human existence and the inevitability of death. The title can be interpreted as a reference to pretentious women who expect gifts as proof of true love but receive death instead. In the image, a water seller and a well-dressed woman argue. Water sellers were highly visible in Mexico City, and this exchange probably has to do with commerce while alluding to issues of class. The pair are flanked by people with power and privilege: those connected with the church, the army, and royalty. The text beneath opens with a reminder that irrespective of nationality, status, or position in life, in the grave all people end up the same.



La idea general de esta hoja volante es la futilidad de la existencia humana y la inevitabilidad de la muerte. El título puede interpretarse como una referencia a las mujeres pretenciosas que esperan obsequios como prueba de amor verdadero, pero reciben en su lugar la muerte. En la imagen, un aguador y una mujer bien vestida discuten. Los aguadores eran muy visibles en Ciudad de México y el intercambio tiene que ver probablemente con el comercio, aunque alude también a cuestiones de clase. La pareja está flanqueada por personas con poder y privilegios: las relacionadas con la Iglesia, el Ejército y la realeza. El texto comienza con un recordatorio de que, con independencia de la nacionalidad, el estatus o la posición en la vida, todo el mundo termina en la tumba.

Artwork Details

Object Information
  • Title: In proof of true love, a watercarrier skeleton arguing with a woman (Posada); two skeleton angels in upper corners (Manilla)
  • Artist: José Guadalupe Posada (Mexican, Aguascalientes 1852–1913 Mexico City)
  • Artist: Manuel Manilla (Mexican, Mexico City ca. 1830–1895 Mexico City)
  • Publisher: Antonio Vanegas Arroyo (1850–1917, Mexican)
  • Date: ca. 1890–1896
  • Medium: Type-metal engraving and letterpress on blue paper
  • Dimensions: Sheet: 15 3/4 × 11 13/16 in. (40 × 30 cm)
  • Classification: Prints
  • Credit Line: The Elisha Whittelsey Collection, The Elisha Whittelsey Fund, 1946
  • Object Number: 46.46.311
  • Curatorial Department: Drawings and Prints

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