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Dainichi, the Cosmic Buddha (Mahavairocana)

12th century
On view at The Met Fifth Avenue in Gallery 224
In Esoteric Buddhism, the entire universe is believed to emanate from Dainichi Nyorai, the supreme Buddha of the cosmos. Dainichi’s mudra, with the left index finger surrounded by the fingers of the right hand, is known as the “wisdom fist.” This powerful gesture expresses the union of the spiritual and material realms and is thought to restrain passions hindering the practitioner’s enlightenment. In paintings and sculptures, Dainichi often assumes this pose while surrounded by the other four Wisdom Buddhas, representing the metaphysical world of complete enlightenment—known as the Diamond Realm in Esoteric doctrines.

Artwork Details

Object Information
  • 大日如来坐像
  • Title: Dainichi, the Cosmic Buddha (Mahavairocana)
  • Period: Heian period (794–1185)
  • Date: 12th century
  • Culture: Japan
  • Medium: Wood with lacquer and gold leaf
  • Dimensions: Figure: H. 36 3/8 in. (92.4 cm); W. 27 1/2 in. (69.9 cm); D. 19 5/8 in. (49.8 cm)
    Figure with base: H. 63 3/4 in. (161.9 cm); W. 38 3/4 in. (98.4 cm); D. 39 1/8 in. (99.4 cm)
    Figure with base and halo: H. 86 in. (218.4 cm)
  • Classification: Sculpture
  • Credit Line: Rogers Fund, 1926
  • Object Number: 26.118a, b
  • Curatorial Department: Asian Art

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8825. Dainichi Nyorai (Mahavairocana)

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