Figure

Abstractly designed and marked with an archaic-like composition, this figure is likely one of the earliest examples produced by the Valdivia culture. Curved lines accentuate its legs and chest, while simple marks form a reposed expression. A chevron-like design cuts into the top of the forehead and extends along the back of the head, likely representing hair. Its small size and simple form suggest it would have been held in one’s hand during some ritual.

As one of the first civilizations in the Americas to produce figural representations around 3000 BCE, early figures like this were created from a variety of calcium carbonate stones. Later works, like MMA 1988.117.1 and 1988.117.2, would be formed from clay and pigmented. While the exact function of these figurines remains unknown, archaeologists have found these figures in both domestic and funerary settings. Perhaps relating to the ideas of production, progeny, and protection, they would have played a part in every phase of Valdivian life.

Carol Velandia, Adrienne Arsht Intern, 2025

References and Further Reading

Department of the Arts of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas. Valdivia Figurines. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2004.

Estrada, Emilio. Nuevos elementos en la cultura Valdivia; sus posibles contactos transpacíficos. Guayaquil: Publicación del Sub-Comite Ecuatoriano de Antropología, Dependiente del Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia, 1961.

García Caputi, Mariella. Las Figurinas de Real Alto: Reflejos de Los Modos de Vida Valdivia. 1ra. ed. Quito: Abya Yala, 2008.