In 1693 Zhu Da began studying works from the Chunhuage tie, a collection of rubbings of early calligraphies compiled in 992. This fan transcribes on piece from that collection, a letter from Li Zhi, who later became the emperor Tang Gaozong (r. 650–83). Zhu Da's writing freely departs from Li Zhi's original: done with plump "centered-tip" brushstrokes, Zhu's characters possess a simple, unaffected archaic flavor that is unmistakably his own.
Zhu Da's transcription of Li Zhi's letter reads: Uncle, you possess a great many artistic talents and you are an outstanding, compassionate teacher. Your son Ai has thus received an exemplary education and he is receptive and diligent, especially in calligraphy. When I heard that he had lately become particularly fond of the "Flying white" technique, I playfully took up my brush to amuse him. What I wrote is far from the graceful forms of the Six Calligraphic Modes and remiss in elegant diction. Yet, soon afterward I received your letter in which you so generously praised my work. In truth, the work is mere "ink traces" and does not deserve such attention. Reading your letter repeatedly only added to my embarrassment.
Artwork Details
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清 朱耷 (八大山人) 李治書 扇頁
Title:Letter by Li Zhi
Artist:Bada Shanren (Zhu Da) (Chinese, 1626–1705)
Period:Qing dynasty (1644–1911)
Date:dated 1702
Culture:China
Medium:Folding fan mounted as an album leaf; ink on paper
Dimensions:6 3/4 x 19 1/2 in. (17.1 x 49.5 cm)
Classification:Calligraphy
Credit Line:Bequest of John M. Crawford Jr., 1988
Object Number:1989.363.139
Inscription: Artist’s inscription and signature (25 columns in semi-cursive script)
Uncle [you] have much talent in the arts. With respect to [your] children’s art education [you are] compassionate and give fine guidance. [Ai in response] to your teaching is receptive and diligent, especially in calligraphy. I heard of his interest in the “flying-white” technique. Playfully, I wrote one to amuse him. [I am] far from mastering the excellence of the Six calligraphic modes and remiss in elegant diction. Surprisingly [I] received your letter in which you so generously praised my work. Thinking of my rough inscription, I dare not face such acclaim. Reading [your letter] repeatedly only added to my embarrassment.[1] On the Center Firmament Festival [on the fifth of the fifth lunar month] of the renwu year [1702] I made this copy for Wenyu for his correction. Bada Shanren
Gu Luofu 顧洛阜 (John M. Crawford, Jr., 1913–1988) 顧洛阜 漢光閣
[1] Trans. from Tseng Yu-ho Ecke, Poetry on the Wind: The Art of Chinese Folding Fans from the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Exhibition catalogue. Honolulu: Honolulu Academy of Arts, 1982, cat. no. 59, p. 118-19.
John M. Crawford Jr. American, New York (until d. 1988; bequeathed to MMA)
Honolulu Academy of Arts. "The Art of Chinese Folding Fans in the Ming and Qing Dynasties," January 16, 1982–February 16, 1982.
Saint Louis Art Museum. "The Art of Chinese Folding Fans in the Ming and Qing Dynasties," June 22, 1982–August 22, 1982.
Santa Barbara Museum of Art. "The Art of Chinese Folding Fans in the Ming and Qing Dynasties," 1982.
Smart Museum of Art, University of Chicago. "The Art of Chinese Folding Fans in the Ming and Qing Dynasties," 1983.
Princeton University. "Loan to Princeton University 2," March 1985–May 1985.
Asian Art Museum of San Francisco. "The Work of Zhu Da," August 22, 1990–October 28, 1990.
New Haven. Yale University Art Gallery. "The Work of Zhu Da," January 18, 1991–March 24, 1991.
Washington, DC. Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution. "After the Madness: The Secular Life, Art and Imitation of Bada Shanren (1626–1705)," February 16, 2003–July 27, 2003.
Shih Shou-ch'ien, Maxwell K. Hearn, and Alfreda Murck. The John M. Crawford, Jr., Collection of Chinese Calligraphy and Painting in the Metropolitan Museum of Art: Checklist. Exh. cat. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1984, p. 44, cat. no. 148.
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