This vessel, in the shape of a mushroom, is a psykter, a perfect instance of the Greek genius for integrating form, function, and decoration. It was originally filled with wine and then set to float in cold water in a large mixing bowl like the one you see on the shelf below. The decoration shows a group of warriors with helmets and shields riding on the backs of dolphins. As the psykter bobbed up and down in the bowl, the wine stayed cool, and the dolphins seemed to leap from the water, carrying their riders with them.

The psykter is one of many vessels made for use at the symposium, the structured drinking party that was one of the basic social rituals of Greek civilization. The drinking of wine was central to the symposium, but there were always rules to keep it under control. The wine was cut with water, and one participant dictated how much the party should drink, and how many parts of wine and water should be mixed. The men reclined on couches arranged around the room, and servants dipped and poured equal portions for them.

One of the liveliest evocations of the symposium is contained in the writings of Plato. Plato describes a party where Socrates and others speak, where there is room for excess, ribaldry, and humor, as well as thought-provoking conversation.