Game Piece with a Scene from the Life of Apollonius of Tyre

ca. 1170
On view at The Met Fifth Avenue in Gallery 304
This piece, from the medieval game of tables (a precursor to backgammon), illustrates the Late Antique legend of Apollonius of Tyre, whose wife was miraculously resurrected after being buried at sea. Here two men lower her coffin while two others watch. The scene is conceived in spatial layers: coffin, figures lowering it, onlookers, and sail. The illusion of deep space is enhanced by almost three-dimensional carving, with some areas in the round, a rare feature in walrus-ivory reliefs. While the subject is unique in Romanesque art, the plastic style of figure carving and the fine detail have parallels in Cologne ivories of the second half of the twelfth century. The figures and acanthus border can be related to an ivory reliquary in Brussels and to a cupola reliquary in Berlin produced in Cologne between 1170 and 1190. The Brussels reliquary has nearly identical borders, indicating that a single workshop produced ecclesiastical and secular objects.

Another gamepiece, depicting the Entombment of Christ (Burrell Collection, Glasgow), is so similar that it may be from the same set, one divided thematically between the life of Christ and typological parallels based on classical literature. Frequently, pieces would depict feats of strength, such as those of Hercules (from mythology) pitted against those of Samson (from the Old Testament).

Artwork Details

Object Information
  • Title: Game Piece with a Scene from the Life of Apollonius of Tyre
  • Date: ca. 1170
  • Geography: Made in Cologne, Germany
  • Culture: German
  • Medium: Walrus ivory
  • Dimensions: Overall: 1/16 x 2 3/16 x 5/8 in. (0.2 x 5.6 x 1.6 cm)
  • Classification: Ivories-Walrus
  • Credit Line: Purchase, Stark and Michael Ward Gift, Joseph Pulitzer Bequest, and Pfeiffer and Dodge Funds, 1996
  • Object Number: 1996.224
  • Curatorial Department: Medieval Art and The Cloisters

Audio

Cover Image for 3120. Gamepiece with Episode from the Life of Apollonius of Tyre

3120. Gamepiece with Episode from the Life of Apollonius of Tyre

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CHARLES LITTLE: This wonderful little game piece is part of a larger set that would’ve consisted of some thirty pieces…

NARRATOR: Charles Little is a curator at the Museum.

CHARLES LITTLE: In this particular case we have a wonderful scene showing an episode taken from a classical theme and story known as Appolonius of Tyre. This was a very popular tale of a prince whose wife had died, and she is shown here on this wonderful piece and a very exquisite layered composition, being buried at sea. The theme of Appolonius of Tyre is one that had enduring interest throughout the Middle Ages. It was continued in literature and in imagery, especially for example in Pericles Prince of Tyre by Shakespeare.

NARRATOR: Cologne was a major center for the production of game pieces like this one used to play Tables, a precursor to backgammon. One half of the set was this white walrus ivory you see here. The other half of the set was stained red, like the piece to the left. The two sets often pitted heroes of Classical antiquity—like Appolonius—against Biblical figures.

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