Having just entered the room, the angel Gabriel is about to tell the Virgin Mary that she will be the mother of Jesus. The golden rays pouring in through the left oculus carry a miniature figure with a cross. On the right wing, Joseph, who is betrothed to the Virgin, works in his carpenter’s shop, drilling holes in a board. The mousetraps on the bench and in the shop window opening onto the street are thought to allude to references in the writings of Saint Augustine identifying the cross as the devil’s mousetrap. On the left wing, the kneeling donor appears to witness the central scene through the open door. His wife kneels behind him, and a town messenger stands at the garden gate. The owners would have purchased the triptych to use in private prayer. An image of Christ’s conception in an interior not unlike the one in which they lived also may have reinforced their hope for their own children. One of the most celebrated early Netherlandish paintings—particularly for its detailed observation, rich imagery, and superb condition—this triptych belongs to a group of paintings associated with the Tournai workshop of Robert Campin (ca. 1375–1444), sometimes called the Master of Flémalle. Documents indicate that he hired at least two assistants, the young Rogier van der Weyden (ca. 1400–1464) and Jacques Daret (ca. 1404–1468). Stylistic and technical evidence suggests that the altarpiece was executed in phases. The Annunciation, which follows a slightly earlier workshop composition, probably was not commissioned. Shortly thereafter, the male donor ordered the wings, which appear to have been painted by two artists. At a later point, in the 1430s, presumably following the donor’s marriage, the portraits of his wife and of the messenger were added. The windows of the central panel, originally covered with gold leaf, were painted with a blue sky, and the armorial shields were added afterward.
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Artwork Details
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Title:Annunciation Triptych (Merode Altarpiece)
Artist:Workshop of Robert Campin (Netherlandish, ca. 1375–1444 Tournai)
Date:ca. 1427–32
Geography:Made in Tournai, South Netherlands
Culture:South Netherlandish
Medium:Oil on oak
Dimensions:Overall (open): 25 3/8 x 46 3/8 in. (64.5 x 117.8 cm) Central panel: 25 1/4 x 24 7/8 in. (64.1 x 63.2 cm) each wing: 25 3/8 x 10 3/4 in. (64.5 x 27.3 cm)
Classification:Paintings-Panels
Credit Line:The Cloisters Collection, 1956
Accession Number:56.70a–c
Marking: Arms (central panel, left window): D'or au chevron de sable charge sur sa pointe d'une chaine de quatre chainons d'argent elle meme placee en chevron. For Ingelbrechts (Ingelbrechts or Ymbrechts) of Malines and Spain. Arms (central panel, right window): D'or a la fasce de gueules accolee de trois annelets de meme. Possibly for Calcum (Lohausen) family, Germany. Arms on shield of figure behind the donors): D'or aux trois pals de gueles.
Pierre d'Alcantara Charles Marie d'Arenberg, prince d'Arenberg, Paris (1820–1849) ; presented as a wedding gift to his daughter, comtesse Marie-Nicolette de Merode, Westerloo-Tongerloo and Brussels (1849–d. 1905) ; by descent to her daughter, comtesse Jeanne de Merode, Westerloo-Tongerloo and Brussels (1905–d. 1944) ; by descent to her niece, comtesse Jeanne de Grunne (1944–1956) ; [ Rosenberg & Stiebel, New York (sold 1956)]
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Rohlmann, Michael. "The Annunciation by Joos Ammann in Genoa: Context, Function and Metapictorial Quality." In Cultural Exchange Between the Low Countries and Italy (1400–1600), edited by Ingrid Alexander-Skipnes. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2007. p. 40 n. 57.
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