Jittoku, Puppies, and Hotei

ca. 1786–92
Not on view
Returned to lender
This work of art was on loan to the museum and has since been returned to its lender.
These three paintings are probably from a set of twelve once mounted on a pair of screens showing well-known Japanese and Chinese sages. The figure leaning on his staff is Hotei (Chinese: Budai), a Chinese Buddhist monk who was generally portrayed with a round belly, laughing or smiling, and carrying a bag containing his few possessions as he wanders the countryside. He became identified with the bodhisattva Maitreya and later was worshipped as a god of good fortune.

Carrying his broom, the other figure is Jittoku (Chinese: Shide), the constant companion of the eccentric poet Kanzan (Chinese: Hanshan), whose name literally means “Cold Mountain.” Kanzan, a foundling in the care of a Buddhist monastery where he swept the kitchen floor and did odd jobs, was brought left-over food from the kitchen by Jittoku, who came to be revered as a local manifestation of Fugen, the bodhisattva of compassionate wisdom.

The central painting, depicting three puppies and bamboo, was no doubt intended as a rebus for the Chinese character for “laughter” 笑, which is written with components that resemble the characters for bamboo 竹 and for dog 犬. Hotei, Kanzan, and Jittoku were all famous for liking to laugh.

Artwork Details

Object Information
  • Title: Jittoku, Puppies, and Hotei
  • Artist: Nagasawa Rosetsu (Japanese, 1754–1799)
  • Period: Edo period (1615–1868)
  • Date: ca. 1786–92
  • Culture: Japan
  • Medium: Triptych of hanging scrolls; ink on paper
  • Dimensions: Image (each): 49 3/16 × 18 3/8 in. (125 × 46.6 cm)
    Overall with mounting: 78 3/4 × 22 15/16 in. (200 × 58.3 cm)
  • Classification: Paintings
  • Credit Line: Lent by Feinberg Collection
  • Curatorial Department: Asian Art