The famous writer and expatriate Gertrude Stein was among the first Americans to respond enthusiastically to European avant-garde art. She held weekly salons in her Paris apartment populated by European and American artists and writers. For Picasso, Stein’s early patronage and friendship was critical to his success. He painted this portrait of her between 1905 and 1906 at the end of his so-called "Rose Period." He reduces her body to simple masses—a foreshadowing of his adoption of Cubism—and portrays her face like a mask with heavy lidded eyes, reflecting his recent encounter with Iberian sculpture.
the artist, Paris (gift in autumn 1906 to Stein); Gertrude Stein, Paris (1906–d. 1946; her bequest to MMA)
Paris. Petit Palais. "Les Maîtres de l'art indépendant, 1895–1937," June–October 1937, no. 11.
New York. Knoedler Galleries. "Picasso before 1907: Loan Exhibition for the Benefit of the Public Education Association," October 15–November 8, 1947, no. 33.
Museum of Modern Art, New York. "Portrait of Gertrude Stein by Picasso," January 22–March 12, 1948, no catalogue.
San Francisco Museum of Art. "Picasso, Gris, Miró: The Spanish Masters of Twentieth Century Painting," September 14–October 17, 1948, no. 3.
Portland, Ore. Portland Art Museum. "Picasso, Gris, Miró: The Spanish Masters of Twentieth Century Painting," October 26–November 28, 1948, no. 3.
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Philadelphia Museum of Art. "Picasso: A Loan Exhibition of His Paintings, Drawings, Sculpture, Ceramics, Prints and Illustrated Books," January 8–February 23, 1958, no. 36.
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Amsterdam. Stedelijk Museum. "Picasso," March 4–April 30, 1967, no. 12.
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. "Masterpieces of Painting in The Metropolitan Museum of Art," September 16–November 1, 1970, unnumbered cat. (p. 92).
New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Masterpieces of Fifty Centuries," November 14, 1970–June 1, 1971, no. 391.
New York. Museum of Modern Art. "Four Americans in Paris: The Collections of Gertrude Stein and Her Family," December 19, 1970–March 1, 1971, unnumbered cat. (p. 50).
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New York. Museum of Modern Art. "Pablo Picasso: A Retrospective," May 22–September 16, 1980, unnumbered cat. (p. 73 and unnumbered checklist p. 12).
Madrid. Museo Español de Arte Contemporáneo. "Picasso, 1881–1973: Exposición antológica," November 5–December 27, 1981, no. 44.
Tokyo. National Museum of Modern Art. "Picasso: Masterpieces from Marina Picasso Collection and from Museums in the U.S.A. and U.S.S.R.," April 2–May 29, 1983, no. 32.
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New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "The Steins Collect: Matisse, Picasso, and the Parisian Avant-Garde," February 28–June 3, 2012, no. 238.
Centre Pompidou, Paris, Galerie 1. "Le Cubisme," October 17, 2018–February 25, 2019, unnumbered cat. (p. 29; as "Portrait of Gertrude Stein").
Kunstmuseum Basel. "Kosmos Kubismus: Von Picasso bis Léger / The Cubist Cosmos. From Picasso to Léger," March 30–August 4, 2019, extended to August 18, 2019, unnumbered cat. (p. 29).
New York. Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Félix Vallotton: Painter of Disquiet," October 29, 2019–January 26, 2020, unnumbered cat. (fig. 5).
New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Making The Met, 1870–2020," August 29, 2020–January 3, 2021, unnumbered cat. (fig. 178).
Madrid. Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía. "Picasso 1906: The Turning Point," November 15, 2023–March 4, 2024, unnumbered cat. (p. 219; dated 1906).
Washington, D.C. National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution. "Brilliant Exiles: American Women in Paris, 1900–1939," April 26, 2024–February 23, 2025, no. 24.
Camera Work special number (June 1913), pl. V.
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Jacques Lassaigne. Picasso. Paris, 1949, p. ix.
Florent Fels. L'Art vivant de 1900 à nos jours. Geneva, 1950, p. 225, ill.
Edmund Fuller, ed. Journey into the Self: Being the Letters, Papers, and Journals of Leo Stein. New York, 1950, unpaginated, ill.
Henry McBride. "Pictures for a Picture of Gertrude." Art News 49 (February 1951), pp. 17, 63, ill.
G[ertrude] R[osenthal]. "Portraits of Gertrude Stein in the Collections of the Baltimore Museum." Baltimore Museum of Art News 13 (April 1951), p. 1.
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John Golding. "The 'Demoiselles d'Avignon'." Burlington Magazine 100 (May 1958), pp. 159, 161, fig. 14.
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Phoebe Pool. "The Picasso Exhibition: The Most Important Four Rooms." Burlington Magazine 102 (September 1960), p. 391.
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Hans Ludwig C. Jaffé. Pablo Picasso. New York, 1964, pp. 22, 78–79, ill.
Fernande Olivier. Picasso and His Friends. London, 1964, p. 83.
Françoise Gilot and Carlton Lake. Life with Picasso. New York, 1964, pp. 38, 68–70, ill.
Robert Rosenblum. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. New York, 1967, pp. 136–37, fig. 120.
Charles Sterling and Margaretta M. Salinger. French Paintings: A Catalogue of the Collection of The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Vol. 3, XIX–XX Centuries. New York, 1967, pp. 233–35, ill.
Pierre Daix and Georges Boudaille. Picasso: The Blue and Rose Periods: A Catalogue Raisonné of the Paintings, 1900–1906. Greenwich, Conn., 1967, pp. 90, 93–95, 98, 284, 318, 321, no. XVI.10, ill.
Hans Ludwig C. Jaffé. Pablo Picasso. Paris, 1967, pp. 76–77, ill.
Gertrude Rosenthal. Paintings, Sculpture and Drawings in the Cone Collection. Baltimore, 1967, p. 23.
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John Golding. Cubism: A History and an Analysis 1907–1914. 2nd rev. ed. (1st ed., 1959). New York, 1968, pp. 14, 52–53, 56, 76, pl. 95b.
Paolo Lecaldano. L'opera completa di Picasso blu e rosa. Milan, 1968, p. 113, no. 306, pl. 64.
James R. Mellow. "The Stein Salon Was the First Museum of Modern Art." New York Times Magazine (December 1, 1968), sect. 6, pp. 49–50, 184–85, 187, ill.
Georges Boudaille. Picasso: Première époque, 1881–1906: Périodes bleue et rose. Paris, 1969, pp. 10, 14, no. XVI, ill.
André Fermigier. Picasso. Paris, 1969, pp. 58, 75–77, 393, pls. 41, 42.
Jérôme Peignot. "Les Premiers Picasso de Gertrude Stein." Connaissance des arts no. 213 (November 1969), pp. 122, 124–25, ill.
Edith A. Standen inMasterpieces of Painting in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Exh. cat., Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. New York, [1970], p. 92, ill. (color).
Harold Acton. More Memoirs of an Aesthete. London, 1970, pp. 168, 171–72.
Edward Burns, ed. Gertrude Stein on Picasso. New York, 1970, pp. 13–14, 23, 25, 29–30, 66, 70–71, 110–14, 117, 130, ill.
Helen Gardner. Art through the Ages. Ed. Horst de la Croix and Richard G. Tansey. rev. 5th ed. New York, 1970, pp. 697–98, fig. 17–5.
Jean Leymarie. Picasso: The Artist of the Century. New York, 1971, pp. 213, 292, ill.
Roland Penrose. Portrait of Picasso. 2nd rev. ed. New York, 1971, p. 35, fig. 63.
Jean Sutherland Boggs et al., ed. Gertrude Stein and Picasso and Juan Gris. Exh. cat., National Gallery of Canada. Ottawa, 1971, passim, figs. 1, 4, 5.
Roland Penrose. Picasso. London, 1971, pl. 15.
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John Barkham. "The Literary Scene: Staying on Alone." New York Post (December 12, 1973).
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Roland Penrose. "Picasso's Portrait of Kahnweiler." Burlington Magazine 116 (March 1974), pp. 124–25, 127, fig. 3.
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Ronald Johnson. The Early Sculpture of Picasso, 1901–1914. PhD diss., University of California, Berkeley. New York, 1976, pp. 59–60.
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J. Kirk T. Varnedoe inModern Portraits: The Self and Others. Ed. J. Kirk T. Varnedoe. Exh. cat., Wildenstein. New York, 1976, pp. xii, xiv, fig. 1.
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Hiroyuki Itsuki and Haruki Yaegashi. The Book of Great Masters 32: Picasso. Tokyo, 1978, pl. 35.
Friede Grafe. "Zwei Jahre aus meinem Leben mit Gertrude Stein." Die Republik (1978), p. 417, ill.
A. Hyatt Mayor. The Metropolitan Museum of Art: Favorite Paintings. New York, 1979, pp. 94–95, ill. (color).
William Rubin. "Pablo and Georges and Leo and Bill." Art in America 67 (March–April 1979), p. 144.
Ronald Christ. "Picasso's Hands: The Mutability of Human Form." ArtsCanada no. 236–37 (September–October 1980), p. 22, ill.
Susan Mayer. "Ancient Mediterranean Sources in the Works of Picasso, 1892–1937." PhD diss., New York University, 1980, sect. VII, fig. 16.
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Lane Gormley. "Artists and Models: Women in French Art from 1880 to 1930." Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 5 (spring 1980), p. 42, fig. 6.
Josep Palau i Fabre. Picasso: The Early Years, 1881–1907. New York, 1981, pp. 435–37, 468–70, 552, no. 1339, ill.
Roland Penrose. Picasso: His Life and His Work. 3rd ed. (1st ed., 1958). Berkeley, 1981, pp. 117–19, 122, pl. IV-1.
Pierre Cabanne. Picasso: Pour le centenaire de sa naissance. Neuchâtel, 1981, pp. 9–10.
Christine Piot. "Décrire Picasso." PhD diss., Universite de Paris Pantheon-Sorbonne, October 1981, p. 60.
Pablo Picasso. Tokyo, 1981, pl. 48.
Gary Tinterow. Master Drawings by Picasso. Exh. cat., Fogg Art Museum. Cambridge, Mass., 1981, pp. 72, 238.
Jacques Perry. Yo Picasso. Paris, 1982, p. 127.
Adam Gopnik. "High and Low: Caricature, Primitivism, and the Cubist Portrait." Art Journal 43 (winter 1983), pp. 373–74, ill.
Werner Spies with Christine Piot. Pablo Picasso: Das Plastische Werk: Werkverzeichnis der Skulpturen. Exh. cat., Nationalgalerie Berlin. Stuttgart, 1983, p. 32, ill.
Kathleen Howard, ed. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide. New York, 1983, p. 411, no. 3, ill. (color).
Lowery Stokes Sims. The Figure in 20th Century American Art: Selections from The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Exh. cat., Jacksonville Art Museum. New York, 1984, p. 42.
Randa K. Dubnick. The Structure of Obscurity: Gertrude Stein, Language, and Cubism. Chicago, 1984, pp. 15–16, frontis., pl. 1.
William Rubin in"Primitivism" in 20th Century Art: Affinity of the Tribal and the Modern. Ed. William Rubin. Exh. cat., Museum of Modern Art. vol. I, New York, 1984, vol. 1, p. 247, ill.
John Russell. "New York's Next Modern Museum Is on the Way." New York Times (February 17, 1985), p. H33.
Haruki Yaegashi et al., ed. Laurencin. Exh. cat., Art Gallery Shueisha. Tokyo, 1985, p. 72, ill.
Josep Palau i Fabre. Picasso. New York, 1985, pl. 80.
Piri Halasz. "Manhattan Museums: The 1940s vs. the 1980s; Part Two: The Metropolitan Museum of Art." Arts Magazine 59 (March 1985), p. 90.
Jack Flam. Matisse: The Man and His Art, 1869–1918. Ithaca, 1986, pp. 174, 187.
Michael Lloyd in20th Century Masters from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Exh. cat., Australian National Gallery. Canberra, 1986, pp. 12–13, ill. (color).
William S. Lieberman. 20th Century Art: Selections from the Collection of The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Vol. 1, Painting: 1905–1945. New York, 1986, pp. 14–15, 63, ill. (color, overall and detail), dates it 1906.
Edward Burns, ed. The Letters of Gertrude Stein and Carl Van Vechten, 1913–1946. Vol. 2, (1935–1946). New York, 1986, pp. 658, 673, 674 n. 1, pp. 835, 837 n. 3, pp. 838, 894.
Kay Larson. "The Met Goes Modern: Bill Lieberman's Brave New Wing." New York Magazine 19 (December 15, 1986), pp. 42, 47–48.
Marie-Laure Bernadac and Paule de Bouchet. Picasso, le sage et le fou. Paris, 1986, p. 41, ill.
Magdalena M. Moeller. Picasso im Sprengel Museum Hannover: Druckgraphik, illustrierte Bücher, Zeichnungen, Collagen und Gemälde. Exh. cat., Sprengel Museum Hannover. Hannover, 1986, p. 17, ill.
Edward Burns, ed. The Letters of Gertrude Stein and Carl Van Vechten, 1913–1946. Vol. 1, (1913–1935). New York, 1986, pp. 90, 94 n. 5, p. 147 n. 6, p. 248.
Jeanine Warnod. Le Bateau Lavoir. Paris, 1986, p. 70, ill.
Gary Tinterow et al. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Vol. 8, Modern Europe. New York, 1987, p. 117, colorpl. 92.
Pierre Daix. Picasso créateur: La Vie intime et l'oeuvre. Paris, 1987, pp. 71, 100.
Georges Boudaille, with Marie-Laure Bernadac, and Marie-Pierre Gauthier. Picasso. Secaucus, N.J., 1987, pp. 34–35, 48, fig. 48.
Pierre Daix. "Picasso's Time of Decisive Encounters." Art News 86 (April 1987), pp. 137–39, 141, ill.
Howard Greenfeld. The Devil and Dr. Barnes: Portrait of an American Art Collector. New York, 1987, pp. 43–44.
John Rewald. Cézanne, the Steins, and Their Circle. New York, 1987, pp. 36, 38–39, 42–43, 64, figs. 27, 28.
Wendy Steiner. "Postmodernist Portraits." Art Journal 46 (autumn 1987), pp. 176–77.
John Russell. "Art: Unexpected Juxtapositions in the Met's New Wing." New York Times (January 21, 1987), ill. p. C17.
Matt Damsker. "The Met Goes Modern: New Wing a Treasure Box, Even If Collection Has Gaps." Hartford Courant (February 11, 1987), p. C7, ill., dates it 1906.
Theodore F. Wolff. "Metropolitan Museum of Art: Big Lift from a New Wing." Christian Science Monitor (February 2, 1987), p. 25, ill.
Kathie Beals. "The Met Goes Modern with New 20th-century Wing." Courier-News (February 17, 1987), p. B-5.
Jed Perl. "People Are Talking About. . .Art: Gamble at the Met." Vogue 177 (January 1987), p. 40, calls it "Portrait of Gertrude Stein".
Helen Schwartz. "Contemporary Art Wing Opens at Metropolitan." Home News (February 1, 1987), p. E8, ill., dates it 1906.
Grace Glueck. "The Met Makes Its Move Into the 20th Century." New York Times (January 18, 1987), p. 20, section 2, dates it 1906.
Paul Richard. "Mixing It Up At the Metropolitan: Standards & Surprises at the Museum's New Wallace Wing." Washington Post (February 1, 1987), p. F8, ill., calls it "Portrait of Gertrude Stein" in text.
"The Met's Extra Room." New York Times (January 30, 1987), p. A26.
Edward J. Sozanski. "Going Modern: The Metropolitan Opens a Handsome, New Wing." Chicago Tribune (February 8, 1987), p. M12, ill.
John Dorsey. "New Wing Lifts the Met Into the 20th Century." Sun (Baltimore, Md.) (February 1, 1987), p. 12K.
William Wilson. "A Mod Fan Dance at The Met." Los Angeles Times (February 8, 1987), p. 5, ill., calls it "Portrait of Gertrude Stein".
Amei Wallach. "It's Modern's Time at the Metropolitan." Newsday (January 4, 1987), p. II/11.
Sylvia Hochfield. "Thoroughly Modern Met." Art News 86 (February 1987), pp. 112, 116, ill. (color).
John Golding. Cubism: A History and an Analysis 1907–1914. 3rd rev. ed. (1st ed., 1959; 2nd ed. 1968). Cambridge, Mass., 1988, pp. 41, 45, 73, 226, fig. 105b.
Pierre Daix and Georges Boudaille. Picasso, 1900–1906: Catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre peint. Neuchâtel, 1988, pp. 90, 93–95, 98, 284, 318, 321, no. XVI.10, ill.
Hans Ludwig C. Jaffé. Pablo Picasso. Concise ed. London, 1988, pp. 22, 60–61, 64, ill.
Pierre Daix in William Rubin. Les Demoiselles d'Avignon. Exh. cat., Musée Picasso. Vol. 2, Paris, 1988, pp. 492–93, fig. 2.
Yve-Alain Bois. "Painting as Trauma." Art in America 76, no. 6 (June 1988), p. 140.
Pierre Daix inPicassos Klassizismus: Werke von 1914-1934. Ed. Ulrich Weisner. Exh. cat., Kunsthalle Bielefeld. Bielefeld, 1988, p. 138, fig. 2.
Olle Granath et al., ed. Pablo Picasso. Exh. cat., Moderna Museet. Stockholm, 1988, p. 29, ill.
Lewis C. Kachur. "Themes in Picasso's Cubism, 1907–1918." PhD diss., Columbia University, 1988, p. 32.
Roger Bevan. "Museum Review: The Metropolitan Museum: a New Wing for Modern Art." Apollo 127 (January 1988), pp. 40–41, fig. 2, calls it "The Portrait of Gertrude Stein" and dates it 1906.
Denys Sutton inTreasures from The Metropolitan Museum of Art: French Art from the Middle Ages to the Twentieth Century. Exh. cat., Yokohama Museum of Art. [Tokyo], 1989, p. 57, fig. 4.
Calvin Tomkins. Merchants and Masterpieces: The Story of The Metropolitan Museum of Art. rev., enl. ed. New York, 1989, p. 307.
Anatoli Podoksik. Picasso: La Quête perpétuelle. Paris, 1989, p. 58, ill.
Roland Doschka. Picasso: Portrait, Figurine, Skulptur. Exh. cat., Stadthalle Balingen. Balingen, 1989, p. 28, fig. 6.
Richard B. Lyttle. Pablo Picasso: The Man and the Image. New York, 1989, pp. 54, 57–58, 61.
Renate Stendhal, ed. Gertrude Stein: Ein Leben in Bildern und Texten. Zurich, 1989, pp. 59, 63, 81, 88–89, 105, 135, 280, ill.
Judith Cousins inPicasso and Braque: Pioneering Cubism. Ed. William Rubin. Exh. cat., Museum of Modern Art. New York, 1989, pp. 340–42, 439 n. 5.
Richard Lombard, ed. "The Portrait of Gertrude Stein." The Column (MMA) 4 (January–February 1990), p. 4, ill.
Gail Stavitsky. Gertrude Stein: The American Connection. Exh. cat., Sid Deutsch Gallery. New York, 1990, passim.
Adam Gopnik. High and Low: Modern Art and Popular Culture. Exh. cat., Museum of Modern Art, New York. New York, 1990, pp. 128–30, 132–33, 140, 418 nn. 38, 41–42, fig. 68.
John Richardson with the collaboration of Marilyn McCully. A Life of Picasso. Vol. 1, 1881–1906. New York, 1991, pp. 402–5, 410–11, 419, 422, 427–28, 453, 455–56, 459, 469, 471, 474, 514 n. 36, ill.
John Richardson. "Picasso and Gertrude Stein: Mano a Mano, Tête à Tête." New York Times (February 10, 1991), pp. 31, 36, ill.
John Golding. "Book Review: 'A Life of Picasso,' vol. 1, by John Richardson." Burlington Magazine 133 (November 1991), p. 785.
Hugh Kenner. "Think of Me." Art and Antiques 8 (summer 1991), p. 120, ill.
Hilton Kramer. "John Richardson's 'Picasso'." New Criterion 9 (February 1991), p. 6.
Stephen Polcari. Abstract Expressionism and the Modern Experience. Cambridge, 1991, p. 285, fig. 223.
Kathleen Monaghan. Image & Likeness: Figurative Works from the Permanent Collection of the Whitney Museum of American Art. Exh. brochure, Whitney Museum of American Art, Downtown at Federal Reserve Plaza. New York, 1991, p. 3, calls it "Portrait of Gertrude Stein".
Núria Rivero and Teresa Llorens inPicasso, 1905–1906: From the Rose Period to the Ochres of Gósol. Exh. cat., Museu Picasso. Barcelona, 1992, pp. 342, 350, 364, 367 n. 3, p. 368 n. 2.
Hélène Seckel. Picasso: Les Chefs-d'oeuvre de la période rose. Quarante tableaux. Munich and Paris, 1992, pl. 39.
Christine Poggi. In Defiance of Painting: Cubism, Futurism, and the Invention of Collage. New Haven, 1992, pp. 32, 72, fig. 55.
Pierre Daix. "L'Entrée de Picasso dans l'avant-garde (1905–1906)." Connaissance des Arts no. 481 (March 1992), pp. 59–60, 62.
"Pablo Picasso: Der Aufbruch eines Genies." Pan: Zeitschrift für Kunst und Kultur (March 1992), p. 36, ill.
Pierre Cabanne. Le siècle de Picasso. Vol. 1, La naissance du Cubisme (1881–1912). Rev. ed. (1st ed., 1975). Paris, 1992, pl. 14.
Josep Miquel Garcia. "Picasso a Gosol estiu del 1906." Segre: Diario independiente (March 1, 1992), ill.
Francisco Calvo Serraller inPicasso clasico. Ed. Gary Tinterow. Exh. cat., Palacio Episcopal. Málaga, 1992, pp. 60, 62, 305, pl. 16.
Pierre Daix inPicasso, 1905–1906: From the Rose Period to the Ochres of Gósol. Exh. cat., Museu Picasso. Barcelona, 1992, pp. 42–43, 46.
Danièle Boone. Picasso. rev. ed. (1st ed., 1989). London, 1993, pp. 58–59, ill.
Christian Geelhaar. Picasso: Wegbereiter und Förderer seines Aufstiegs, 1899–1939. Zürich, 1993, pp. 23–26, 31, 225, figs. 12–16.
Pierre Daix. Picasso: Life and Art. New York, 1993, pp. 54, 60–61, 68, 70, 326, 391 n. 10.
Karin Marie Cope. "Gertrude Stein, Pablo Picasso, and the Love of Error." PhD diss., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 1993, pp. ix, 36–37, 40, 48, 50, 55, 57–91.
Karen L. Kleinfelder. The Artist, His Model, Her Image, His Gaze: Picasso's Pursuit of the Model. Chicago, 1993, pp. 16–18, fig. 4.
Barbara Burn, ed. Masterpieces of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 1993, pp. 290–91, ill. (color), dates it 1906.
Michael Kimmelman. "At the Met with Elizabeth Murray: Looking for the Magic in Painting." New York Times (October 21, 1994), p. C28.
Jane P. Bowers. "Experimentation in Time and Process of Discovery: Picasso Paints Gertrude Stein–Gertrude Stein Makes Sentences." Harvard Library Bulletin 5 (summer 1994), pp. 6–9, 11–17, 21–24, 26, 28–30, fig. 1.
James Lord. Six Exceptional Women: Further Memoirs. New York, 1994, pp. 4–5, 9, 18–21, 32.
Michael North. The Dialect of Modernism: Race, Language, and Twentieth-Century Literature. New York and Oxford, 1994, pp. 61–63, 69, 71–72, ill.
Linda Simon. Gertrude Stein Remembered. Lincoln, Neb. and London, 1994, pp. 27, 33, 43, 112, 172–73.
Renate Stendhal, ed. Gertrude Stein in Words and Pictures: A Photobiography. Chapel Hill, N.C., 1994 (1st ed., German, 1989), pp. 34, 46–47, 51, 69, 71, 76–77, 93, 122, 268, ill.
William Rubin, with Hélène Seckel, and Judith Cousins. Studies in Modern Art. Vol. 3, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon: Special Issue. New York, 1994, pp. 36–37, 110, 112, fig. 20.
Richard Shiff inWillem de Kooning: Paintings. Exh. cat., National Gallery of Art. Washington, D.C., 1994, pp. 51–52.
Barbara Burn, ed. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide. 2nd rev. ed. (1st ed., 1983). New York, 1994, p. 431, no. 3, ill. (color).
Carsten-Peter Warncke. Pablo Picasso, 1881–1973. Ed. Ingo F. Walther. Vol. 1, The Works 1890–1936. Cologne, 1995, p. 144, ill. (color).
Norman Mailer. Portrait of Picasso as a Young Man: An Interpretive Biography. New York, 1995, pp. 201–5, 208, 212–15, ill.
Michael C. FitzGerald. Making Modernism: Picasso and the Creation of the Market for Twentieth-Century Art. New York, 1995, p. 258.
Elazar Barkan and Ronald Bush, ed. Prehistories of the Future: The Primitivist Project and the Culture of Modernism. Stanford, 1995, pp. 271, 273, 280, 283–84, 289, 427 nn 46, 53, fig. 2.
Tomás Martínez Blasco and Manuel Martínez Blasco. Mediterráneo Picasso. Alicante, 1995, p. 31, fig. 6.
John F. Moffitt. Art Forgery: The Case of the Lady of Elche. Gainesville, Fla., 1995, pp. xiii, 243, 246, 256–57, pl. 61.
Andrea Weiss. Paris Was a Woman: Portraits from the Left Bank. London, 1995, p. 77.
David Sylvester. "The Birth of 'Woman I'." Burlington Magazine 137 (April 1995), p. 220.
Kirk Varnedoe. "The Evolving Torpedo: Changing Ideas of the Collection of Painting and Sculpture of The Museum of Modern Art." Studies in Modern Art, Vol. 5: The Museum of Modern Art at Mid-Century: Continuity and Change. Ed. John Elderfield. New York, 1995, pp. 30–31, 60, 67–68 n. 64, ill.
John Richardson with the collaboration of Marilyn McCully. A Life of Picasso. Vol. 2, 1907–1917. New York, 1996, pp. 15, 40, 80, 150, 341, 470 n. 25.
Property from the Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. Engelhard. November 13, 1996, p. 35, fig. 8.
Hilton Kramer. "Picasso: Portraits or Masks?" New Criterion 14 (June 1996), pp. 6, 8.
Leo Stein. Appreciation: Painting, Poetry and Prose. (1st ed., 1947). Lincoln, Nebraska, 1996, p. 174.
Brenda Wineapple. Sister, Brother: Gertrude and Leo Stein. New York, 1996, pp. 331, 364, 366, ill.
Marilyn McCully, ed. Picasso: The Early Years, 1892-1906. Exh. cat., National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. Washington, D.C., 1997, pp. 48–49, 51, 264, 274 n. 6, pp. 277, 281, 283–86 n. 18, p. 287 nn. 28, 30, 32, 40, pp. 296, 335, 365, no. 168, fig. 11, pl. 168.
Anne Baldassari. Le Miroir noir: Picasso, sources photographiques, 1900–1928. Exh. cat., Musée Picasso. Paris, 1997, pp. 74, 80–81, fig. 57.
Robert S. Lubar. "Unmasking Pablo's Gertrude: Queer Desire and the Subject of Portraiture." Art Bulletin 79 (March 1997), pp. 56–84, fig. 1.
Scarlett Bonduelle-Reliquet. "Henri-Pierre Roché, collectionneur (1879–1959)." PhD diss., Université de Lille III, 1997, p. 20.
Hector Feliciano. The Lost Museum: The Nazi Conspiracy to Steal the World's Greatest Works of Art. New York, 1997, p. 64.
Robert Henkes. Portraits of Famous American Women: An Analysis of Various Artists' Renderings of 13 Admired Figures. Jefferson N.C., 1997, pp. 113–14, ill.
Lewis C. Kachur. "Review: Early Picasso, Boston and Chicago." Burlington Magazine 139 (September 1997), p. 659.
Hilton Kramer. "Picasso: The Early Years–Not Quite a Major Event." New York Observer (May 19, 1997), p. 33.
Octavi Marti. "Paris exhibe los inquietos Picassos de la juventud viajera del pintor." El País (November 2, 1998).
Ruben Charles Cordova. "Primitivism and Picasso's Early Cubism." PhD diss., University of California, Berkeley, 1998, pp. 48–58, 339, fig. 1.13.
Pierre Daix. Picasso l'Africain. Exh. cat., Musée Barbier-Mueller. Geneva, 1998, p. 18, fig. 4.
William S. Lieberman. Pablo Picasso: 10th Anniversary. Exh. cat., Bunkamura Museum of Art, Tokyo. Nagoya, 1998, p. 233.
Amy Page. "Americans Abroad." Elle Decor ([February 11,] 1998), p. 106, ill.
Claudia Roth Pierpont. "The Mother of Confusion: How Did Gertrude Stein Become the First True Voice of Modern Literature." New Yorker (May 11, 1998), pp. 83, 88.
Gertrude Stein. Writings: 1903–1932. New York, 1998, pp. 662, 669, 680, 704, 706–7, 710, 713, 717, 723, 779, 784, 920, 927, ill.
Gertrude Stein. Writings: 1932–1946. New York, 1998, pp. 502, 508, 512, 525, 529, 830, 837.
Steven Watson. Prepare for Saints: Gertrude Stein, Virgil Thomson, and the Mainstreaming of American Modernism. New York, 1998, pp. 10, 39, 320, ill.
H. H. Arnason. History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Photography. Ed. Marla F. Prather and Daniel Wheeler. Rev. 4th ed. (1st ed., 1968). New York, 1998, p. 185, fig. 198.
Michael Kimmelman. Portraits: Talking with Artists at the Met, the Modern, the Louvre and Elsewhere. New York, 1998, pp. 26–28, ill.
Lucy Belloli. "The Evolution of Picasso's Portrait of Gertrude Stein." Burlington Magazine 141 (January 1999), pp. 12–18, figs. 11, 15–21, 23.
Bernard Blistène. Une Histoire de l'art du XXe siècle. Paris, 1999, p. 25, ill.
Robert Rosenblum inPortraits by Ingres: Image of an Epoch. Ed. Gary Tinterow Philip Conisbee. Exh. cat., National Gallery, London. New York, 1999, pp. 16, 19, fig. 26.
Stella Paul. Twentieth-Century Art at the Metropolitan Museum of Art: A Resource for Educators. New York, 1999, pp. 19–21, ill. and ill. p. 18 (color).
Grace Glueck. "When One City Was the Heart of Art's Youth." New York Times (March 10, 2000), p. E35, ill. p. E39.
Brigitte Leal, Christine Piot, and Marie-Laure Bernadac. The Ultimate Picasso. New York, 2000, pp. 106–7, 506, fig. 217.
Howard Risatti and Christina L. Colosimo. "Classicism, Iberianism, and Primitivism in Picasso, 1906–1907." Southeastern College Art Conference Review 13, no. 5 (2000), pp. 445–47, 449–55, fig. 3.
Werner Spies with Christine Piot. Picasso: The Sculptures. Exh. cat., Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris. Ostfildern-Ruit, 2000, pp. 34–35, ill.
Götz Adriani, Evelyn Benesch, and Ingried Brugger, ed. Picasso, Figur und Porträt: Hauptwerke aus der Sammlung Bernard Picasso. Exh. cat., Kunstforum Wien. Vienna, 2000, p. 14, fig. 2.
William S. Lieberman. "Les Peintres de Paris à New York." Connaissance des arts no. 578 (December 2000), p. 129, ill. (color, installation photo).
Charles Molesworth. "Alice Neel and Others." Salmagundi no. 128/129 (Fall 2000–Winter 2001), p. 62.
Tomàs Llorens inForma: El Ideal Clásico en el Arte Moderno. Exh. cat., Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza. Madrid, 2001, p. 126, fig. 39.
Dan Franck. The Bohemians: The Birth of Modern Art, Paris, 1900–1930. London, 2001, p. 98.
Fernande Olivier et al. Loving Picasso: The Private Journal of Fernande Olivier. New York, 2001, p. 178.
Christopher Green, ed. Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon. Cambridge, 2001, pp. 64–67, fig. 15.
Randall R. Griffey. "Marsden Hartley's Lincoln Portraits." American Art 15 (summer 2001), pp. 47–48, fig. 12.
Arthur I. Miller. Einstein, Picasso: Space, Time and the Beauty That Causes Havoc. New York, 2001, p. 38.
John Elderfield inMatisse, Picasso. Exh. cat., Tate Modern. London, 2002, pp. 109–13, 348–49, no. 58, ill. frontispiece, pp. 108 (color), 114 (color).
Anne Baldassari et al. inMatisse, Picasso. Exh. cat., Tate Modern. London, 2002, pp. 362–63, 371.
Ulla E. Dydo with William Rice. Gertrude Stein: The Language That Rises, 1923–1934. Evanston, Ill., 2003, pp. 60–61.
Jack Flam. Matisse and Picasso: The Story of Their Rivalry and Friendship. Cambridge, Mass., 2003, pp. 23–24, 30–31, fig. 3.1.
Simon Gikandi. "Picasso, Africa, and the Schemata of Difference." Modernism/Modernity 10 (September 2003), pp. 460–61, fig. 2.
Elizabeth Louise Kahn. Marie Laurencin: "Une Femme Inadaptée" in Feminist Histories of Art. Burlington, Vt., 2003, p. 60.
Janet Malcolm. "Gertrude Stein's War: The Years in Occupied France." New Yorker (June 2, 2003), p. 61.
John Richardson. Picasso: The Classical Period. Exh. cat., C&M Arts. New York, 2003, p. 11.
Allison Blizzard. Portraits of the 20th Century Self: An Interartistic Study of Gertrude Stein's Literary Portraits and Early Modernist Portraits by Paul Cézanne, Henri Matisse, and Pablo Picasso. Frankfurt, 2004, pp. 8, 63–66, 112–13.
Hal Foster, Rosalind E. Krauss, Yve-Alain Bois, and Benjamin H.D. Buchloh. Art since 1900: Modernism, Antimodernism, Postmodernism. London, 2004, p. 80, ill.
Giorgio Cortenova. Pablo Picasso, su vida, su obra. Barcelona, 2005, p. 99, ill.
Emily D. Bilski and Emily Braun. Jewish Women and Their Salons: The Power of Conversation. Exh. cat., Jewish Museum, New York. New Haven, 2005, pp. 99, 114, 188, 192, fig. 117.
Gary Tinterow inCézanne to Picasso: Ambroise Vollard, Patron of the Avant-Garde. Ed. Rebecca A. Rabinow. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2006, pp. 105, 116 n. 22.
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Michael FitzGerald. Picasso and American Art. Exh. cat., Whitney Museum of American Art. New York, 2006, pp. 19–20, 240, fig. 5.
Francisco Calvo Serraller et al., ed. Picasso: Tradition and Avant-Garde. Exh. cat., Museo Nacional del Prado. Madrid, 2006, pp. 52–53, 117–18, figs. 7.1 (detail), 17.
Laurence Madeline. "Portrait de Gertrude Stein par Pablo Picasso." Connaissance des arts no. 634 (January 2006), pp. 98–101, ill. (overall and details).
Norman Bryson. "Maudit: John Currin and Morphology." John Currin. Ed. Kara Vander Weg Rose Dergan. New York, 2006, p. 18, fig. 2 (color).
Sabine Rewald inMasterpieces of European Painting, 1800–1920, in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2007, pp. 205, 289–90, no. 190, ill. (color and bw).
Anne Baldassari et al. Cubist Picasso. Exh. cat., Musée Picasso. Paris, 2007, pp. 10, 13–14, 36, fig. 3.
Vincent Giroud. "Picasso and Gertrude Stein." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 64 (winter 2007), pp. 6–54.
John Klein inThe Mirror and The Mask: Portraiture in the Age of Picasso. Ed. Paloma Alarcó and Malcolm Warner. Exh. cat., Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza. Madrid, 2007, pp. 25–27, fig. 1.
Zeese Papanikolas. American Silence. Lincoln, Neb., 2007, p. 118.
Linde Salber. Geniale Geschwister: Elisabeth und Friedrich Nietzsche, Gertrude und Leo Stein, Ana María und Salvador Dalí, Erika und Klaus Mann. Munich, 2007, pp. 144–47, ill.
Dianne Sachko Macleod. Enchanted Lives, Enchanted Objects: American Women Collectors and the Making of Culture, 1800-1940. Berkeley, 2008, pp. 181–83, figs. 70–71.
Laurence Madeline, ed. Pablo Picasso–Gertrude Stein: Correspondence. London, 2008, pp. viii–ix, xii–xiii, xxiv–xxx, 5, 7, 9–10, 197, 261 n. 2, p. 264 n. 2, pp. 359, 363, figs. 1, 6, 26.
Kenneth E. Silver. Paris Portraits: Artists, Friends, and Lovers. Exh. cat., Bruce Museum, Greenwich, Conn. New Haven, 2008, pp. 14–15, fig. 2.
Pierre Daix inPicasso: Challenging the Past. Ed. Christopher Riopelle and Anne P. Robbins. Exh. cat., Grand Palais, Paris. London, 2009, pp. 55–57, fig 23.
Richard B. Woodward. "A Modernist's Look Back." Wall Street Journal (April 29, 2009), p. B15.
Gary Tinterow inPicasso in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Ed. Gary Tinterow and Susan Alyson Stein. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2010, pp. 3, 7, 108–13, no. 38, ill. p. 111 (color), fig. 1 (color detail), fig. 2 (installation photo with the sitter, 1922).
H. H. Arnason and Elizabeth C. Mansfield. History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Photography. 6th ed. (1st ed., 1968). Upper Saddle River, N.J., 2010, p. 163, fig. 8.5 (color).
Holland Cotter. "All the Picassos in the Cupboard." New York Times (April 29, 2010), pp. C23, C25, ill. (installation photo, Exh. New York 2010).
Lucy Belloli inPicasso in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Ed. Gary Tinterow and Susan Alyson Stein. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2010, pp. 114–15, figs. 38.5–38.10 (X-radiographs, Autoradiograph).
Nancy Hirschland Ramage. "Gertrude Stein's Brooches." Metropolitan Museum Journal 45 (2010), pp. 225, 228 n. 1, fig. 1 (color).
Robert McD. Parker and Maxime Touillet inThe Steins Collect: Matisse, Picasso, and the Parisian Avant-Garde. Ed. Janet Bishop, Cécile Debray, and Rebecca Rabinow. Exh. cat., San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. San Francisco, 2011, pls. 352, 354, 356, 361, 383 (installation photos).
Robert McD. Parker inThe Steins Collect: Matisse, Picasso, and the Parisian Avant-Garde. Ed. Janet Bishop, Cécile Debray, and Rebecca Rabinow. Exh. cat., San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. San Francisco, 2011, pp. 430, 464, no. 238.
Rebecca Rabinow inThe Steins Collect: Matisse, Picasso, and the Parisian Avant-Garde. Ed. Janet Bishop, Cécile Debray, and Rebecca Rabinow. Exh. cat., San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. San Francisco, 2011, p. 35.
Emily Braun inThe Steins Collect: Matisse, Picasso, and the Parisian Avant-Garde. Ed. Janet Bishop, Cécile Debray, and Rebecca Rabinow. Exh. cat., San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. San Francisco, 2011, pp. 58, 64.
Cécile Debray inThe Steins Collect: Matisse, Picasso, and the Parisian Avant-Garde. Ed. Janet Bishop, Cécile Debray, and Rebecca Rabinow. Exh. cat., San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. San Francisco, 2011, pp. 223–24, 234, 266, colorpl. 183.
Hélène Klein inThe Steins Collect: Matisse, Picasso, and the Parisian Avant-Garde. Ed. Janet Bishop, Cécile Debray, and Rebecca Rabinow. Exh. cat., San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. San Francisco, 2011, pp. 244–45, 249 n. 15, p. 250 nn. 30, 31, pl. 198 (installation photo).
Isabelle Alfandary inThe Steins Collect: Matisse, Picasso, and the Parisian Avant-Garde. Ed. Janet Bishop, Cécile Debray, and Rebecca Rabinow. Exh. cat., San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. San Francisco, 2011, p. 255.
Edward Burns inThe Steins Collect: Matisse, Picasso, and the Parisian Avant-Garde. Ed. Janet Bishop, Cécile Debray, and Rebecca Rabinow. Exh. cat., San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. San Francisco, 2011, p. 260.
Kate Mendillo inThe Steins Collect: Matisse, Picasso, and the Parisian Avant-Garde. Ed. Janet Bishop, Cécile Debray, and Rebecca Rabinow. Exh. cat., San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. San Francisco, 2011, p. 316.
Thomas Kellein and David Riedel, ed. Picasso 1905 in Paris. Exh. cat., Kunsthalle Bielefeld. Bielefeld, 2011, p. 130, ill.
John Elderfield. De Kooning: A Retrospective. Ed. David Frankel. Exh. cat., Museum of Modern Art, New York. New York, 2011, p. 272, fig. 7 (color).
Wanda M. Corn. Seeing Gertrude Stein: Five Stories. Exh. cat., Contemporary Jewish Museum. Berkeley, 2011, pp. 25–39, fig. 12 (color).
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Eric Kandel inCubism: The Leonard A. Lauder Collection. Ed. Emily Braun and Rebecca Rabinow. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2014, p. 110, fig. 48 (color).
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Abra Levenson. "Figures and Things: Charles Demuth, 1908–1935." PhD diss., Princeton University, 2018, p. 32, 34, 156 n. 74, fig. 30.
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Brigitte Leal inThe Cubist Cosmos: From Picasso to Léger. Ed. Brigitte Leal, Christian Briend, and Ariane Coulondre. Exh. cat., Centre Pompidou, Paris, Galerie 1. Munich, 2019, pp. 29, 313, ill. p. 29 (color).
Dita Amory and Ann Dumas inFélix Vallotton. Exh. cat., Royal Academy of Arts. London, 2019, p. 14, fig. 5 (color).
The Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide. New York, 2019, p. 399, ill. (color).
Max Hollein. Modern and Contemporary Art in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2019, ill. p. 14 (color).
Douglas Eklund, Marilyn F. Friedman, and Randall R. Griffey inMaking The Met, 1870–2020. Ed. Andrea Bayer with Laura D. Corey. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2020, pp. 165, 253, fig. 178 (color).
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Ortrud Westheider inModigliani: Modern Gazes. Ed. Christiane Lange and Ortrud Westheider. Exh. cat., Staatsgalerie Stuttgart. Munich, 2024, p. 37, fig. 39 (color).
Kathryn Calley Galitz. How to Read Portraits. New York, 2024, pp. 26, 99, 101, fig. 51 (color), ill. p. 6 (color detail).
Eugenio Carmona inPicasso 1906: The Turning Point. Exh. cat., Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía. Madrid, 2024, pp. 30, 42–45, 53–55, 58, 63–64, 66, 204, 282, ill. pp. 219 (color), 227 (with the sitter in her Paris studio, 1930).
Pablo Salazar inPicasso 1906: The Turning Point. Exh. cat., Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía. Madrid, 2024, p. 75, no. 6, dates it fall 1906.
Pablo Rodríguez inPicasso 1906: The Turning Point. Exh. cat., Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía. Madrid, 2024, pp. 259, 264, 266, 268–69.
Manuel Segade inPicasso 1906: The Turning Point. Exh. cat., Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía. Madrid, 2024, pp. 12–13.
Robyn Asleson. Brilliant Exiles: American Women in Paris, 1900–1939. Exh. cat., National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution. Washington, D.C., 2024, pp. 74, 76, 81–82, no. 24, fig. 2 (installation photo by Thérèse Bonney with the sitter, ca. 1926), ill. p. 75 (color).
Fran Lebowitz goes behind-the-scenes to The Met’s Paintings Conservation Lab to see Rembrandt’s _[Aristotle with a Bust of Homer](https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/437394)_ [(1653)](https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/437394).
Metropolitan Museum conservator Rachel Mustalish makes discoveries beneath the surface of this 1906 drawing, including a link to Pablo Picasso's iconic portrait of Gertrude Stein.
Pablo Picasso (Spanish, Malaga 1881–1973 Mougins, France)
1921
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