Into the twentieth century Turkmen women decorated their shifts and coats with rows of embossed silver discs ending in lozenge-shaped clasps at their knees. These adornments were either sewn directly onto the coat, as here, or onto panels that were fastened to the shift or coat underneath. On this example the silver discs were added to the coat long after the coat was made.
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Artwork Details
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Title:Coat
Date:late 19th–early 20th century
Geography:Attributed to Central Asia or Iran
Medium:Silk; decorated with circular discs and lozenge-shaped clasps, edging, and floral Russian printed cotton and synthetic fabric lining
Dimensions:H. 43 1/4 in. (109.9 cm) W. 53 in. (134.6 cm)
Classification:Textiles-Costumes
Credit Line:Gift of Marshall and Marilyn R. Wolf, 2015
Object Number:2015.648.4
Coat (2015.648.4) and Pair of Clothing Panels (2012.206.7a, .7b)
Nineteenth-century reports and photographs record the fashion for decorating the front of women’s shifts with silver coins (see left photograph, p. 210 in this volume). Although the tradition of decorating shifts in this way apparently faded sometime in the twentieth century,[1] outer coats continued to be embellished with panels decorated with vertical rows of embossed silver discs ending in lozenge-shaped decorative clasps either attached to panels or directly sewn onto the fabric of the coat. Panels were generally attached at the neck and reached to the waist or knees.
This woman's coat (2015.648.4) and pair of ornamented panels (no. 2012.206.7a, .7b) illustrate how silver ornaments looked when worn. The coat, made of typical Teke raw silk of cranberry red, has four vertical rows of silver discs along the length of the coat and two rows of silver discs ornamenting the sleeves. It appears that the silver ornaments, as well as a new Russian cotton lining, were added in the Tehran bazaar where the coat was sold well after it had been made.[2]
The pair of panels is too short to have been worn down the front of a coat and is lacking the V-shaped opening of panels worn as pectorals (see right photograph, p. 210 in this volume). It has been suggested that they were worn down the sides, apparently a recent fashion.[3] The panels also differ from traditional examples in their use of patterned fabric, which complements the red and green stones of the ornaments. These works exemplify how a traditional mode of ornamentation using silver coinage was transformed and modernized in more recent times.
Layla S. Diba in [Diba 2011]
Footnotes:
1. Andrews, P. A. “Clothing and Jewelry of the Turkmen.” In Encyclopaedia Iranica, vol. 5, pp. 854–56. Costa Mesa, Calif., 1992, p. 855, cites the date 1970.
2. Marilyn Wolf, conversation with the author, August 2008.
3. Marilyn Wolf, conversation with the author, August 2008.
Marshall and Marilyn R. Wolf, New York (by 2006–15; gifted to MMA)
New York. The Hagop Kevorkian Special Exhibitions Gallery, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Turkmen Jewelry," October 9, 2012–February 24, 2013, no. 170.
Diba, Layla S. "Silver Ornaments from the Marshall and Marilyn R. Wolf Collection." In Turkmen Jewelry. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2011. no. 170, p. 210, ill. pl. 170 (color).
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