In a reminder of the fragility of life, three elegant men on horseback unexpectedly encounter their own images in death. The original owner of this book, the sister of the Holy Roman Emperor, was reared at the court of France in anticipation of becoming its queen. Instead, Bonne of Luxembourg died in 1349 of the Plague, a pandemic that ravaged rich and poor alike. Panic and conspiracy theories ensued, and Jewish communities in the Rhineland were falsely accused of poisoning the water supply and put to death.
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331r: The Wound of Christ
1v-2r: Calendar Pages for January
2v-3r: Calendar Pages for February
3v-4r: Calendar Pages for March
4v-5r: Calendar Pages for April
5v-6r: Calendar Pages for May
6v-7r: Calendar Pages for June
7v-8r: Calendar Pages for July
8v-9r: Calendar Pages for August
9v-10r: Calendar Pages for September
10v-11r: Calendar Pages for October
11v-12r: Calendar Pages for November
12v-13r: Calendar Pages for December
15r: Psalm 1; David Holds a Harp, David and Goliath
45r: Psalm 27 (26 Vulgate); Samuel Anoints David
65r: Psalm 39 (38 Vulgate); David Kneels Before God
83v: Psalm 53 (52 Vulgate); The Two Fools
102v: Psalm 69 (68 Vulgate); David in the Water
146v: Psalm 98 (97 Vulgate); Three Clerics Singing
170r; Psalm 110 (109 Vulgate); The Trinity
238v 239r
246v-247r: The Arrest of Jesus
246v: The Arrest of Jesus
295r: An Abbot in Prayer
315r: The Throne of Charity
321v-322r: The Three Living and the Three Dead
321v: The Three Living
322r: The Three Dead
328r: The Crucifixion
f. 322v-323r
f. 323v-324r
f. 324v-325r
f. 325v-326r
f. 326v-327r
Artwork Details
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Title:The Prayer Book of Bonne of Luxembourg, Duchess of Normandy
Artist:Attributed to Jean Le Noir (French, active 1331–75) , and Workshop
Date:before 1349
Geography:Made in Paris, France
Culture:French
Medium:Tempera, grisaille, ink, and gold on vellum
Dimensions:Overall (closed): 5 3/16 x 3 13/16 x 1 5/8 in. (13.2 x 9.7 x 4.2 cm) Overall (approx. size opened): 5 3/16 x 7 11/16 x 2 13/16 in. (13.2 x 19.5 x 7.1 cm) individual folios: 4 15/16 x 3 9/16 in. (12.6 x 9 cm) Storage (Book Box): 6 5/16 x 5 3/16 x 2 3/8 in. (16 x 13.2 x 6.1 cm)
Classification:Manuscripts and Illuminations
Credit Line:The Cloisters Collection, 1969
Accession Number:69.86
Bonne of Luxembourg (d. 1349) ; Charles V, King of France (by descent, d. 1380) ; Ambroise Firmin-Didot, Paris (until 1882) ; [his sale, Hôtel Drouot, Paris (June 12–17, 1882, no. 3)] ; Baron Horace de Landau, Florence (d. 1903) ; by descent to his niece, Jenny Finaly, Florence and Paris (ca. 1903–d. 1938) ; by descent to her son, Horace Finaly, Paris (1938–d. 1945) ; [Landau collection sale, Sotheby's, London (July 12–13, 1948, no. 97)] ; Martin Bodmer Library, Geneva (through H. P. Kraus, New York, 1969)
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Bayerisches Nationalmuseum. "Kaiser-Karl IV, 1316-1378," June 10–October 10, 1978.
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Pavillon de Marsan, Palais du Louvre. "Les Fastes du Gothique: Le Siècle de Charles V," October 1981–January 1982.
New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Prague, The Crown of Bohemia 1347-1437," September 19, 2005–January 3, 2006.
Prague Castle. "Charles IV, Emperor through the Grace of God: Culture and Art in the Time of the Last Luxembourgs, 1347–1437," February 16–May 21, 2006.
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National Gallery in Prague. "Císař Karel IV. 1316–2016," May 14, 2016–September 25, 2016.
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"Mediæval Genius, Lay and Religious, in Illuminated Mss., and in Print." Illustrated London News 5693 (May 29, 1948). p. 595.
Catalogue of Very Important Illuminated Manuscripts and Printed Books Selected from the Renowned Library formed by Baron Horace de Landau (1824-1903), Maintained and Augmented by his Niece Madame Finaly, of Florence (d. 1938). London: Sotheby & Co., July 12–13, 1948. no. 97, pp. 64–68, pls. XL–XLII.
Pächt, Otto. "Early Italian Nature Studies and the Early Calendar Landscape." Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 13, nos. 1/2 (1950). p. 40 n. 2.
Panofsky, Erwin. Early Netherlandish Painting: Its Origins and Character. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1953. pp. 26, 34.
Panofsky, Erwin. Early Netherlandish Painting: Its Origins and Character. Vol. 2. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1953. fig. 15, pl. 6.
Rotzler, Willy. "Drei Lebende und drei Tote." Reallexikon zur Deutschen Kunstgeschichte 4 (1958). cols. 518–19, 523, fig. 3.
Morand, Kathleen. Jean Pucelle. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1962. no. 4, pp. 40–41, pl. XIX b, c.
Meiss, Millard. French Painting in the Time of Jean de Berry: The Late Fourteenth Century and the Patronage of the Duke. Volume 1, Text. London: Phaidon Press, 1967. pp. 20, 31, 114, 153–54, 160–63, 167, 187, 204, 287, 289.
Meiss, Millard. French Painting in the Time of Jean de Berry: The Late Fourteenth Century and the Patronage of the Duke. Volume 2, Plates. London: Phaidon Press, 1967. fig. 352–55, 361.
Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Ninety-Ninth Annual Report of the Trustees of The Metropolitan Museum of Art for the Fiscal Year 1968-1969." The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, n.s., 28, no. 2 (October 1969). pp. 84–85.
Sandler, Lucy Freeman. "A Follower of Jean Pucelle in England." The Art Bulletin 52, no. 4 (December 1970). pp. 268 n. 40, 269.
Deuchler, Florens. "Looking at Bonne of Luxembourg's Prayer Book." The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, n.s., 29, no. 6 (February 1971). pp. 267–78, fig. 1, 3–10, 12–14,16–17.
Deuchler, Florens. "Jean Pucelle: Facts and Fictions." The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, n.s., 29, no. 6 (February 1971). pp. 253–56, ill.
Vaurie, Charles. "Birds in the Prayer Book of Bonne of Luxembourg." The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, n.s, 29, no. 6 (February 1971). pp. 279–83, fig. 1–5.
Simson, Otto von. Das Mittelalter II: das Hohe Mittelalter. Propyläen Kunstgeschichte, Vol. 6. Berlin: Propyläen Verlag, 1972. p. 134, pl. VII.
Meiss, Millard. French Painting in the Time of Jean de Berry: The Limbourgs and their Contemporaries. Volume 1, Text. New York: G. Braziller, 1974. pp. 185–86, 401, 464 n. 449.
Meiss, Millard. French Painting in the Time of Jean de Berry: The Limbourgs and their Contemporaries. Volume 2, Illustrations. New York: G. Braziller, 1974. fig. 682.
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Raggio, Olga, ed. Patterns of Collecting: Selected Acquisitions, 1965-1975; Explanatory Texts. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1975. p. 18.
Avril, François. Manuscript Painting at the Court of France: the Fourteenth Century (1310-1380). New York: G. Braziller, 1978. no. VII, pp. 22, 74, pl. 18a–b.
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In Retrospect: A Catalogue of 100 Outstanding Manuscripts Sold in the Last Four Decades by H. P. Kraus. New York: H. P. Kraus, 1978. no. 38, p. 112.
Legner, Anton, ed. Die Parler und der schöne Stil, 1350-1400: Europäische Kunst unter den Luxemburgern. Vol. 3. Cologne: Museen der Stadt Köln, 1978. pp. 76, 96.
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Gómez-Moreno, Carmen, and Timothy B. Husband. "Curatorial Reports and Departmental Accessions." Annual Report of the Trustees of the Metropolitan Museum of Art 109 (July 1, 1978–June 30, 1979). p. 39.
Sinclair, Keith Val, ed. French Devotional Texts of the Middle Ages: A Bibliographic Manuscript Guide. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1979. p. 72, under no. 2938.
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Land, William G. The Prayer Book of Bonne of Luxembourg: A Personal Document. Preliminary ed. Washington, D.C.: William G. Land, 1984. Discussed throughout.
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Shepard, Mary B. Europe in the Middle Ages, edited by Charles T. Little, and Timothy B. Husband. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1987. pp. 114–15, pl. 107.
Cazelles, Raymond. Illuminations of Heaven and Earth: the Glories of the Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry. New York: H. N. Abrams, 1988. p. 203.
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Leo, Domenic. "The Pucellian Schools and the Rise of Naturalism: Style as Royal Signifier?." In Jean Pucelle: Innovation and Collaboration in Manuscript Painting, edited by Kyunghee Pyun, and Anna D. Russakoff. London: Harvey Miller Publishers, 2013. pp. 149, 156–59, 165, fig. 6–7, 11.
Pyun, Kyunghee. "Pucellian Influence in Illuminated Liturgical Manuscripts." In Jean Pucelle: Innovation and Collaboration in Manuscript Painting, edited by Kyunghee Pyun, and Anna D. Russakoff. London: Harvey Miller Publishers, 2013. pp. 184, 187.
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Lipton, Sara. Dark Mirror: The Medieval Origins of Anti-Jewish Iconography. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2014. pp. 171–73, 178, 186–94, fig. 74.
Madar, Heather. "Iconography of Sign: A Semiotic Reading of the Arma Christi." In ReVisioning: Critical Methods of Seeing Christianity in the History of Art, edited by Linda Stratford, and James Romaine. Cambridge: Lutterworth Press, 2014. pp. 115, 120–21, 130, pl. 1.
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Fajt, Jiri, ed. Emperor Charles IV 1316–1378: Exhibition Guide. K*700. Prague: Národní Galerie v Praze, 2016. no. 02.10, pp. 28–29.
Fajt, Jiri, and Markus Hörsch, ed. Kaiser Karl IV., 1316–2016: Erste Bayerisch-Tschechische Landesausstellung. Ausstellungskatalog. K*700. Prague: Národní Galerie v Praze, 2016. no. 3.14, pp. 307–10, 416, 494.
Boehm, Barbara Drake. The Colmar Treasure: A Medieval Jewish Legacy. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2019. p. 22, fig. 28.
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