Essays

New Essays

• 

  Made in India, Found in Egypt: Red Sea Textile Trade in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries

• West Asia: Between Tradition and Modernity

• Urartu

• The Assyrian Sculpture Court

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  Moche Portrait Vessels

All Essays (1048)

• Abraham and David Roentgen

• Abstract Expressionism

• The Achaemenid Persian Empire (550–330 B.C.)

• Adélaïde Labille-Guiard (1749–1803)

• The Aesthetic of the Sketch in Nineteenth-Century France

• African Christianity in Ethiopia

• African Christianity in Kongo

• African Influences in Modern Art

• African Lost-Wax Casting

• African Rock Art

• African Rock Art of the Central Zone

• African Rock Art of the Northern Zone

• African Rock Art of the Southern Zone

• African Rock Art: Game Pass

• African Rock Art: Tassili-n-Ajjer (?8000 B.C.–?)

• African Rock Art: The Coldstream Stone

• Africans in Ancient Greek Art

• Afro-Portuguese Ivories

• The Age of Iron in West Africa

• The Age of Saint Louis (1226–1270)

• The Age of Süleyman “the Magnificent” (r. 1520–1566)

• The Akkadian Period (ca. 2350–2150 B.C.)

• Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528)

• Alexander Jackson Davis (1803–1892)

• Alfred Stieglitz (1864–1946) and American Photography

• Alfred Stieglitz (1864–1946) and His Circle

• Alice Cordelia Morse (1863–1961)

• Allegories of the Four Continents

• The Amarna Letters

• America Comes of Age: 1876–1900

• American Bronze Casting

• American Federal-Era Period Rooms

• American Furniture, 1620–1730: The Seventeenth-Century and William and Mary Styles

• American Furniture, 1730–1790: Queen Anne and Chippendale Styles

• American Georgian Interiors (Mid-Eighteenth-Century Period Rooms)

• American Impressionism

• American Ingenuity: Sportswear, 1930s–1970s

• American Needlework in the Eighteenth Century

• American Neoclassical Sculptors Abroad

• American Portrait Miniatures of the Eighteenth Century

• American Portrait Miniatures of the Nineteenth Century

• American Quilts and Coverlets

• American Relief Sculpture

• American Revival Styles, 1840–76

• American Rococo

• American Scenes of Everyday Life, 1840–1910

• American Sculpture at the World’s Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893

• American Silver Vessels for Wine, Beer, and Punch

• American Women Sculptors

• Americans in Paris, 1860–1900

• Amulets and Talismans from the Islamic World

• Anatomy in the Renaissance

• Ancient American Jade

• Ancient Egyptian Amulets

• Ancient Greek Bronze Vessels

• Ancient Greek Colonization and Trade and their Influence on Greek Art

• Ancient Greek Dress

• Ancient Maya Painted Ceramics

• Ancient Maya Sculpture

• Ancient Near Eastern Openwork Bronzes

• Andean Textiles

• Animals in Ancient Near Eastern Art

• Animals in Medieval Art

• Annibale Carracci (1560–1609)

• Anselm Kiefer (born 1945)

• Antelopes and Queens: Bambara Sculpture from the Western Sudan: A Groundbreaking Exhibition at the Museum of Primitive Art, New York, 1960

• Antique Engraved Gems and Renaissance Collectors

• Antoine Watteau (1684–1721)

• Antonello da Messina (ca. 1430–1479)

• The Antonine Dynasty (138–193)

• Antonio Canova (1757–1822)

• Apollo 11 (ca. 25,500–23,500 B.C.) and Wonderwerk (ca. 8000 B.C.) Cave Stones

• Architectural Models from the Ancient Americas

• Architecture in Ancient Greece

• Architecture in Renaissance Italy

• Architecture, Furniture, and Silver from Colonial Dutch America

• Archtop Guitars and Mandolins

• Arms and Armor in Medieval Europe

• Arms and Armor in Renaissance Europe

• Arms and Armor—Common Misconceptions and Frequently Asked Questions

• Art and Craft in Archaic Sparta

• Art and Death in Medieval Byzantium

• Art and Death in the Middle Ages

• Art and Identity in the British North American Colonies, 1700–1776

• Art and Love in the Italian Renaissance

• Art and Nationalism in Twentieth-Century Turkey

• Art and Photography: 1990s to the Present

• Art and Photography: The 1980s

• Art and Society of the New Republic, 1776–1800

• Art and the Fulani/Fulbe People

• Art for the Christian Liturgy in the Middle Ages

• Art Nouveau

• The Art of Classical Greece (ca. 480–323 B.C.)

• The Art of Ivory and Gold in Northern Europe around 1000 A.D.

• The Art of the Abbasid Period (750–1258)

• The Art of the Almoravid and Almohad Periods (ca. 1062–1269)

• Art of the Asante Kingdom

• The Art of the Ayyubid Period (ca. 1171–1260)

• The Art of the Book in the Ilkhanid Period

• The Art of the Book in the Middle Ages

• Art of the Edo Period (1615–1868)

• The Art of the Fatimid Period (909–1171)

• Art of the First Cities in the Third Millennium B.C.

• Art of the Hellenistic Age and the Hellenistic Tradition

• The Art of the Ilkhanid Period (1256–1353)

• Art of the Korean Renaissance, 1400–1600

• The Art of the Mamluk Period (1250–1517)

• The Art of the Mughals after 1600

• The Art of the Mughals before 1600

• The Art of the Nasrid Period (1232–1492)

• The Art of the Ottomans after 1600

• The Art of the Ottomans before 1600

• Art of the Pleasure Quarters and the Ukiyo-e Style

• Art of the Roman Provinces, 1–500 A.D.

• The Art of the Safavids before 1600

• The Art of the Seljuq Period in Anatolia (1081–1307)

• The Art of the Seljuqs of Iran (ca. 1040–1157)

• Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries in Naples

• Art of the Sufis

• The Art of the Timurid Period (ca. 1370–1507)

• The Art of the Umayyad Period (661–750)

• The Art of the Umayyad Period in Spain (711–1031)

• Art, Architecture, and the City in the Reign of Amenhotep IV / Akhenaten (ca. 1353–1336 B.C.)

• The Art, Form, and Function of Gilt Bronze in the French Interior

• Arthur Dove (1880–1946)

• An Artisan’s Tomb in New Kingdom Egypt

• Artistic Interaction among Cultures in Medieval Iberia

• Artists of the Saqqakhana Movement

• The Arts and Crafts Movement in America

• The Arts of Iran, 1600–1800

• Arts of Power Associations in West Africa

• The Arts of the Book in the Islamic World, 1600–1800

• Arts of the Greater Himalayas: Kashmir, Tibet, and Nepal

• Arts of the Mission Schools in Mexico

• Arts of the San People in Nomansland

• Arts of the Spanish Americas, 1550–1850

• Asante Royal Funerary Arts

• Asante Textile Arts

• The Ashcan School

• Asher Brown Durand (1796–1886)

• The Asmat

• Assyria, 1365–609 B.C.

• The Assyrian Sculpture Court

• Astronomy and Astrology in the Medieval Islamic World

• Asuka and Nara Periods (538–794)

• Athenian Vase Painting: Black- and Red-Figure Techniques

• Athletics in Ancient Greece

• Augustan Rule (27 B.C.–14 A.D.)

• The Augustan Villa at Boscotrecase

• Auguste Renoir (1841–1919)

• Auguste Rodin (1840–1917)

• Augustus Saint-Gaudens (1848–1907)

• Aztec Stone Sculpture

• Babylon

• The Ballet

• The Bamana Ségou State

• Barbarians and Romans

• The Barbizon School: French Painters of Nature

• Baroque Rome

• Baseball Cards in the Jefferson R. Burdick Collection

• Bashford Dean and the Development of Helmets and Body Armor during World War I

• The Batak

• Baths and Bathing Culture in the Middle East: The Hammam

• The Bauhaus, 1919–1933

• Benin Chronology

• Bessie Potter Vonnoh (1872–1955)

• The Bikini

• Birds of the Andes

• Birth and Family in the Italian Renaissance

• The Birth and Infancy of Christ in Italian Painting

• The Birth of Islam

• Blackwater Draw (ca. 9500–3000 B.C.)

• Blackwork: A New Technique in the Field of Ornament Prints (ca. 1585–1635)

• Blown Glass from Islamic Lands

• Board Games from Ancient Egypt and the Near East

• Body/Landscape: Photography and the Reconfiguration of the Sculptural Object

• The Book of Hours: A Medieval Bestseller

• Boscoreale: Frescoes from the Villa of P. Fannius Synistor

• Botanical Imagery in European Painting

• Bronze Sculpture in the Renaissance

• Bronze Statuettes of the American West, 1850–1915

• Buddhism and Buddhist Art

• Building Stories: Contextualizing Architecture at the Cloisters

• Burgundian Netherlands: Court Life and Patronage

• Burgundian Netherlands: Private Life

• Byzantine Art under Islam

• The Byzantine City of Amorium

• Byzantine Ivories

• The Byzantine State under Justinian I (Justinian the Great)

• Byzantium (ca. 330–1453)

• Calligraphy in Islamic Art

• Cameo Appearances

• Candace Wheeler (1827–1923)

• Capac Hucha as an Inca Assemblage

• Caravaggio (Michelangelo Merisi) (1571–1610) and His Followers

• Carolingian Art

• Carpets from the Islamic World, 1600–1800

• Cave Sculpture from the Karawari

• Ceramic Technology in the Seljuq Period: Stonepaste in Syria and Iran in the Eleventh Century

• Ceramic Technology in the Seljuq Period: Stonepaste in Syria and Iran in the Twelfth and Early Thirteenth Centuries

• Ceramics in the French Renaissance

• Cerro Sechín

• Cerro Sechín: Stone Sculpture

• The Cesnola Collection at The Metropolitan Museum of Art

• Charles Eames (1907–1978) and Ray Eames (1913–1988)

• Charles Frederick Worth (1825–1895) and the House of Worth

• Charles James (1906–1978)

• Charles Sheeler (1883–1965)

• Chauvet Cave (ca. 30,000 B.C.)

• Childe Hassam (1859–1935)

• Chinese Buddhist Sculpture

• Chinese Calligraphy

• Chinese Cloisonné

• Chinese Gardens and Collectors’ Rocks

• Chinese Handscrolls

• Chinese Hardstone Carvings

• Chinese Painting

• The Chiton, Peplos, and Himation in Modern Dress

• The Chopine

• Christian Dior (1905–1957)

• Christopher Dresser (1834–1904)

• Classical Antiquity in the Middle Ages

• Classical Art and Modern Dress

• Classical Cyprus (ca. 480–ca. 310 B.C.)

• Classicism in Modern Dress

• Claude Lorrain (1604/5?–1682)

• Claude Monet (1840–1926)

• Coffee, Tea, and Chocolate in Early Colonial America

• Collecting for the Kunstkammer

• Colonial Kero Cups

• Colossal Temples of the Roman Near East

• Commedia dell’arte

• Company Painting in Nineteenth-Century India

• Conceptual Art and Photography

• Constantinople after 1261

• Contemporary Deconstructions of Classical Dress

• Contexts for the Display of Statues in Classical Antiquity

• Cosmic Buddhas in the Himalayas

• Costume in The Metropolitan Museum of Art

• The Countess da Castiglione

• Courtly Art of the Ilkhanids

• Courtship and Betrothal in the Italian Renaissance

• Cristobal Balenciaga (1895–1972)

• The Croome Court Tapestry Room, Worcestershire

• The Crucifixion and Passion of Christ in Italian Painting

• The Crusades (1095–1291)

• Ctesiphon

• Cubism

• The Cult of the Virgin Mary in the Middle Ages

• Cut and Engraved Glass from Islamic Lands

• Cyprus—Island of Copper

• Daguerre (1787–1851) and the Invention of Photography

• The Daguerreian Age in France: 1839–55

• The Daguerreian Era and Early American Photography on Paper, 1839–60

• The Damascus Room

• Daniel Chester French (1850–1931)

• Daoism and Daoist Art

• David Octavius Hill (1802–1870) and Robert Adamson (1821–1848)

• Death, Burial, and the Afterlife in Ancient Greece

• The Decoration of Arms and Armor

• The Decoration of European Armor

• The Decoration of Tibetan Arms and Armor

• Design Reform

• Design, 1900–1925

• Design, 1925–50

• Design, 1950–75

• Design, 1975–2000

• The Development of the Recorder

• Direct versus Indirect Casting of Small Bronzes in the Italian Renaissance

• Divination and Senufo Sculpture in West Africa

• Domenichino (1581–1641)

• Domestic Art in Renaissance Italy

• Donatello (ca. 1386–1466)

• Drawing in the Middle Ages

• Dress Rehearsal: The Origins of the Costume Institute

• Dressing for the Cocktail Hour

• Dualism in Andean Art

• Duncan Phyfe (1770–1854) and Charles-Honoré Lannuier (1779–1819)

• Dutch and Flemish Artists in Rome, 1500–1600

• Eagles After the American Revolution

• Early Cycladic Art and Culture

• Early Documentary Photography

• Early Dynastic Sculpture, 2900–2350 B.C.

• Early Excavations in Assyria

• Early Histories of Photography in West Africa (1860–1910)

• Early Maori Wood Carvings

• Early Modernists and Indian Traditions

• Early Netherlandish Painting

• Early Photographers of the American West: 1860s–70s

• Early Qur’ans (8th–Early 13th Century)

• East and West: Chinese Export Porcelain

• East Asian Cultural Exchange in Tiger and Dragon Paintings

• Easter Island

• Eastern Religions in the Roman World

• Ebla in the Third Millennium B.C.

• Edgar Degas (1834–1917): Bronze Sculpture

• Edgar Degas (1834–1917): Painting and Drawing

• Edo-Period Japanese Porcelain

• Édouard Baldus (1813–1889)

• Édouard Manet (1832–1883)

• Edward Hopper (1882–1967)

• Edward J. Steichen (1879–1973): The Photo-Secession Years

• Edward Lycett (1833–1910)

• Egypt in the Late Period (ca. 664–332 B.C.)

• Egypt in the Middle Kingdom (ca. 2030–1650 B.C.)

• Egypt in the New Kingdom (ca. 1550–1070 B.C.)

• Egypt in the Old Kingdom (ca. 2649–2130 B.C.)

• Egypt in the Ptolemaic Period

• Egypt in the Third Intermediate Period (ca. 1070–664 B.C.)

• Egyptian Faience: Technology and Production

• Egyptian Modern Art

• Egyptian Red Gold

• Egyptian Revival

• Egyptian Tombs: Life Along the Nile

• Eighteenth-Century European Dress

• The Eighteenth-Century Pastel Portrait

• Eighteenth-Century Silhouette and Support

• Eighteenth-Century Women Painters in France

• El Greco (1541–1614)

• Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun (1755–1842)

• Elizabethan England

• Elsa Schiaparelli (1890–1973)

• Empire Style, 1800–1815

• The Empires of the Western Sudan

• The Empires of the Western Sudan: Ghana Empire

• The Empires of the Western Sudan: Mali Empire

• The Empires of the Western Sudan: Songhai Empire

• Enameled and Gilded Glass from Islamic Lands

• English Embroidery of the Late Tudor and Stuart Eras

• English Ornament Prints and Furniture Books in Eighteenth-Century America

• English Silver, 1600–1800

• Ernest Hemingway (1899–1961) and Art

• Ernst Emil Herzfeld (1879–1948) in Persepolis

• Ernst Emil Herzfeld (1879–1948) in Samarra

• Etching in Eighteenth-Century France: Artists and Amateurs

• The Etching Revival in Nineteenth-Century France

• Ethiopia’s Enduring Cultural Heritage

• Ethiopian Healing Scrolls

• Etruscan Art

• Etruscan Language and Inscriptions

• Eugène Atget (1857–1927)

• Europe and the Age of Exploration

• Europe and the Islamic World, 1600–1800

• European Clocks in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

• European Exploration of the Pacific, 1600–1800

• European Revivalism

• European Tapestry Production and Patronage, 1400–1600

• European Tapestry Production and Patronage, 1600–1800

• Exchange of Art and Ideas: The Benin, Owo, and Ijebu Kingdoms

• Exoticism in the Decorative Arts

• Extravagant Monstrosities: Gold- and Silversmith Designs in the Auricular Style

• Eynan/Ain Mallaha (10,000–8200 B.C.)

• Fabricating Sixteenth-Century Netherlandish Boxwood Miniatures

• The Face in Medieval Sculpture

• Famous Makers of Arms and Armors and European Centers of Production

• Fashion in European Armor

• Fashion in European Armor, 1000–1300

• Fashion in European Armor, 1300–1400

• Fashion in European Armor, 1400–1500

• Fashion in European Armor, 1500–1600

• Fashion in European Armor, 1600–1700

• Fashion in Safavid Iran

• Fatimid Jewelry

• Fauvism

• Fell’s Cave (9000–8000 B.C.)

• Fernand Léger (1881–1955)

• Feudalism and Knights in Medieval Europe

• Figural Representation in Islamic Art

• Filippino Lippi (ca. 1457–1504)

• Fire Gilding of Arms and Armor

• The Five Wares of South Italian Vase Painting

• The Flavian Dynasty (69–96 A.D.)

• Flemish Harpsichords and Virginals

• Flood Stories

• Folios from the Great Mongol Shahnama (Book of Kings)

• Folios from the Jami‘ al-tavarikh (Compendium of Chronicles)

• Fontainebleau

• Food and Drink in European Painting, 1400–1800

• Foundations of Aksumite Civilization and Its Christian Legacy (1st–8th Century)

• Fra Angelico (ca. 1395–1455)

• Francisco de Goya (1746–1828) and the Spanish Enlightenment

• François Boucher (1703–1770)

• Frank Lloyd Wright (1867–1959)

• Frans Hals (1582/83–1666)

• Frederic Edwin Church (1826–1900)

• Frederic Remington (1861–1909)

• Frederick William MacMonnies (1863–1937)

• The French Academy in Rome

• French Art Deco

• French Art Pottery

• French Decorative Arts during the Reign of Louis XIV (1654–1715)

• French Faience

• French Furniture in the Eighteenth Century: Case Furniture

• French Furniture in the Eighteenth Century: Seat Furniture

• French Porcelain in the Eighteenth Century

• French Silver in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

• Frescoes and Wall Painting in Late Byzantine Art

• From Geometric to Informal Gardens in the Eighteenth Century

• From Italy to France: Gardens in the Court of Louis XIV and After

• From Model to Monument: American Public Sculpture, 1865–1915

• The Fulani/Fulbe People

• The Function of Armor in Medieval and Renaissance Europe

• Funerary Vases in Southern Italy and Sicily

• Furnishings during the Reign of Louis XIV (1654–1715)

• Gabrielle “Coco” Chanel (1883–1971) and the House of Chanel

• Gandhara

• Gardens in the French Renaissance

• Gardens of Western Europe, 1600–1800

• Genre Painting in Northern Europe

• Geometric Abstraction

• Geometric and Archaic Cyprus

• Geometric Art in Ancient Greece

• Geometric Patterns in Islamic Art

• George Inness (1825–1894)

• George Washington: Man, Myth, Monument

• Georges Seurat (1859–1891) and Neo-Impressionism

• Georgia O’Keeffe (1887–1986)

• Gerard David (born about 1455, died 1523)

• German and Austrian Porcelain in the Eighteenth Century

• The Ghent Altarpiece

• Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598–1680)

• Gilbert Stuart (1755–1828)

• Gilgamesh

• Giovanni Battista Piranesi (1720–1778)

• Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (1696–1770)

• Glass from Islamic Lands

• Glass Ornaments in Late Antiquity and Early Islam (ca. 500–1000)

• Glass with Mold-Blown Decoration from Islamic Lands

• The Gods and Goddesses of Canaan

• Gold in Ancient Egypt

• Gold in Asante Courtly Arts

• Gold in the Ancient Americas

• Gold of the Indies

• The Golden Age of French Furniture in the Eighteenth Century

• The Golden Harpsichord of Michele Todini (1616–1690)

• Golden Treasures: The Royal Tombs of Silla

• Goryeo Celadon

• Gothic Art

• The Grand Tour

• The Graphic Art of Max Klinger

• Great Plains Indians Musical Instruments

• Great Serpent Mound

• Great Zimbabwe (11th–15th Century)

• The Greater Ottoman Empire, 1600–1800

• Greek Art in the Archaic Period

• Greek Gods and Religious Practices

• Greek Hydriai (Water Jars) and Their Artistic Decoration

• The Greek Key and Divine Attributes in Modern Dress

• Greek Terracotta Figurines with Articulated Limbs

• Group f/64

• The Guitar

• Gustave Courbet (1819–1877)

• Gustave Le Gray (1820–1884)

• Hagia Sophia, 532–37

• The Halaf Period (6500–5500 B.C.)

• Han Dynasty (206 B.C.–220 A.D.)

• Hans Talhoffer’s Fight Book, a Sixteenth-Century Manuscript about the Art of Fighting

• Harry Burton (1879–1940): The Pharaoh’s Photographer

• Hasanlu in the Iron Age

• Haute Couture

• Heian Period (794–1185)

• Hellenistic and Roman Cyprus

• Hellenistic Jewelry

• Hendrick Goltzius (1558–1617)

• Henri Cartier-Bresson (1908–2004)

• Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864–1901)

• Henri Matisse (1869–1954)

• Henry Kirke Brown (1814–1886), John Quincy Adams Ward (1830–1910), and Realism in American Sculpture

• Heroes in Italian Mythological Prints

• Hinduism and Hindu Art

• Hippopotami in Ancient Egypt

• Hiram Powers (1805–1873)

• The Hittites

• The Holy Roman Empire and the Habsburgs, 1400–1600

• Hopewell (1–400 A.D.)

• Horse Armor in Europe

• Hot-worked Glass from Islamic Lands

• The Housemistress in New Kingdom Egypt: Hatnefer

• How Medieval and Renaissance Tapestries Were Made

• The Hudson River School

• Hungarian Silver

• Icons and Iconoclasm in Byzantium

• The Idea and Invention of the Villa

• Ife (from ca. 6th Century)

• Ife Pre-Pavement and Pavement Era (800–1000 A.D.)

• Ife Terracottas (1000–1400 A.D.)

• Igbo-Ukwu (ca. 9th Century)

• Images of Antiquity in Limoges Enamels in the French Renaissance

• Impressionism: Art and Modernity

• In Pursuit of White: Porcelain in the Joseon Dynasty, 1392–1910

• Indian Knoll (3000–2000 B.C.)

• Indian Textiles: Trade and Production

• Indigenous Arts of the Caribbean

• Industrialization and Conflict in America: 1840–1875

• The Industrialization of French Photography after 1860

• Inland Niger Delta

• Intellectual Pursuits of the Hellenistic Age

• Intentional Alterations of Early Netherlandish Painting

• Interior Design in England, 1600–1800

• Interiors Imagined: Folding Screens, Garments, and Clothing Stands

• International Pictorialism

• Internationalism in the Tang Dynasty (618–907)

• Introduction to Prehistoric Art, 20,000–8000 B.C.

• The Isin-Larsa and Old Babylonian Periods (2004–1595 B.C.)

• Islamic Arms and Armor

• Islamic Art and Culture: The Venetian Perspective

• Islamic Art of the Deccan

• Islamic Carpets in European Paintings

• Italian Painting of the Later Middle Ages

• Italian Porcelain in the Eighteenth Century

• Italian Renaissance Frames

• Ivory and Boxwood Carvings, 1450–1800

• Ivory Carving in the Gothic Era, Thirteenth–Fifteenth Centuries

• Jacopo dal Ponte, called Bassano (ca. 1510–1592)

• Jade in Costa Rica

• Jade in Mesoamerica

• Jain Manuscript Painting

• Jain Sculpture

• James Cox (ca. 1723–1800): Goldsmith and Entrepreneur

• James McNeill Whistler (1834–1903)

• James McNeill Whistler (1834–1903) as Etcher

• Jan Gossart (ca. 1478–1532) and His Circle

• Jan van Eyck (ca. 1390–1441)

• The Japanese Blade: Technology and Manufacture

• Japanese Illustrated Handscrolls

• Japanese Incense

• The Japanese Tea Ceremony

• Japanese Weddings in the Edo Period (1615–1868)

• Japanese Writing Boxes

• Japonisme

• Jasper Johns (born 1930)

• Jean Antoine Houdon (1741–1828)

• Jean Honoré Fragonard (1732–1806)

• Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux (1827–1875)

• Jean-Baptiste Greuze (1725–1805)

• Jewish Art in Late Antiquity and Early Byzantium

• Jews and the Arts in Medieval Europe

• Jews and the Decorative Arts in Early Modern Italy

• Jiahu (ca. 7000–5700 B.C.)

• Joachim Tielke (1641–1719)

• Joan Miró (1893–1983)

• Johannes Vermeer (1632–1675)

• Johannes Vermeer (1632–1675) and The Milkmaid

• John Constable (1776–1837)

• John Frederick Kensett (1816–1872)

• John Singer Sargent (1856–1925)

• John Singleton Copley (1738–1815)

• John Townsend (1733–1809)

• Jōmon Culture (ca. 10,500–ca. 300 B.C.)

• Joseon Buncheong Ware: Between Celadon and Porcelain

• Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775–1851)

• Juan de Flandes (active by 1496, died 1519)

• Julia Margaret Cameron (1815–1879)

• The Julio-Claudian Dynasty (27 B.C.–68 A.D.)

• Kamakura and Nanbokucho Periods (1185–1392)

• The Kano School of Painting

• The Kilt

• Kingdoms of Madagascar: Malagasy Funerary Arts

• Kingdoms of Madagascar: Malagasy Textile Arts

• Kingdoms of Madagascar: Maroserana and Merina

• Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Kuba Kingdom

• Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires

• Kings and Queens of Egypt

• Kings of Brightness in Japanese Esoteric Buddhist Art

• The Kirtlington Park Room, Oxfordshire

• The Kithara in Ancient Greece

• Kodak and the Rise of Amateur Photography

• Kofun Period (ca. 300–710)

• Kongo Ivories

• Korean Buddhist Sculpture (5th–9th Century)

• Korean Munbangdo Paintings

• Kushan Empire (ca. Second Century B.C.–Third Century A.D.)

• La Venta

• La Venta: Sacred Architecture

• La Venta: Stone Sculpture

• The Labors of Herakles

• Lacquerware of East Asia

• Landscape Painting in Chinese Art

• Landscape Painting in the Netherlands

• The Lansdowne Dining Room, London

• Lapita Pottery (ca. 1500–500 B.C.)

• Lascaux (ca. 15,000 B.C.)

• Late Eighteenth-Century American Drawings

• Late Medieval German Sculpture

• Late Medieval German Sculpture: Images for the Cult and for Private Devotion

• Late Medieval German Sculpture: Materials and Techniques

• Late Medieval German Sculpture: Polychromy and Monochromy

• The Later Ottomans and the Impact of Europe

• Le Colis de Trianon-Versailles and Paris Openings

• The Legacy of Genghis Khan

• The Legacy of Jacques Louis David (1748–1825)

• Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519)

• Letterforms and Writing in Contemporary Art

• Life of Jesus of Nazareth

• Life of the Buddha

• List of Rulers of Ancient Egypt and Nubia

• List of Rulers of Ancient Sudan

• List of Rulers of Byzantium

• List of Rulers of China

• List of Rulers of Europe

• List of Rulers of Japan

• List of Rulers of Korea

• List of Rulers of Mesopotamia

• List of Rulers of South Asia

• List of Rulers of the Ancient Greek World

• List of Rulers of the Islamic World

• List of Rulers of the Parthian Empire

• List of Rulers of the Roman Empire

• List of Rulers of the Sasanian Empire

• Lithography in the Nineteenth Century

• Longevity in Chinese Art

• Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848–1933)

• Louis-Rémy Robert (1810–1882)

• Lovers in Italian Mythological Prints

• The Lure of Montmartre, 1880–1900

• The Lute

• Luxury Arts of Rome

• Lydenburg Heads (ca. 500 A.D.)

• Lydia and Phrygia

• Made in India, Found in Egypt: Red Sea Textile Trade in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries

• Made in Italy: Italian Fashion from 1950 to Now

• The Magic of Signs and Patterns in North African Art

• Maiolica in the Renaissance

• Mal’ta (ca. 20,000 B.C.)

• Mangarevan Sculpture

• The Manila Galleon Trade (1565–1815)

• Mannerism: Bronzino (1503–1572) and his Contemporaries

• The Mantiq al-tair (Language of the Birds) of 1487

• Manuscript Illumination in Italy, 1400–1600

• Manuscript Illumination in Northern Europe

• Mapungubwe (ca. 1050–1270)

• Marcel Duchamp (1887–1968)

• Mary Stevenson Cassatt (1844–1926)

• The Master of Monte Oliveto (active about 1305–35)

• The Materials and Techniques of American Quilts and Coverlets

• The Materials and Techniques of English Embroidery of the Late Tudor and Stuart Eras

• Mauryan Empire (ca. 323–185 B.C.)

• Medicine in Classical Antiquity

• Medicine in the Middle Ages

• Medieval Aquamanilia

• Medieval European Sculpture for Buildings

• Medusa in Ancient Greek Art

• Mendicant Orders in the Medieval World

• The Mesoamerican Ballgame

• Mesopotamian Creation Myths

• Mesopotamian Deities

• Mesopotamian Magic in the First Millennium B.C.

• The Metropolitan Museum’s Excavations at Nishapur

• The Metropolitan Museum’s Excavations at Ctesiphon

• The Metropolitan Museum’s Excavations at Qasr-i Abu Nasr

• Michiel Sweerts and Biblical Subjects in Dutch Art

• Micronesia

• The Middle Babylonian / Kassite Period (ca. 1595–1155 B.C.) in Mesopotamia

• Military Music in American and European Traditions

• Ming Dynasty (1368–1644)

• Minoan Crete

• Mission Héliographique, 1851

• Miyake, Kawakubo, and Yamamoto: Japanese Fashion in the Twentieth Century

• Moche Decorated Ceramics

• Moche Portrait Vessels

• Modern and Contemporary Art in Iran

• Modern Art in India

• Modern Art in West and East Pakistan

• Modern Art in West Asia: Colonial to Post-colonial

• Modern Materials: Plastics

• Modern Storytellers: Romare Bearden, Jacob Lawrence, Faith Ringgold

• Momoyama Period (1573–1615)

• Monasticism in Western Medieval Europe

• The Mon-Dvaravati Tradition of Early North-Central Thailand

• The Mongolian Tent in the Ilkhanid Period

• Monte Albán

• Monte Albán: Sacred Architecture

• Monte Albán: Stone Sculpture

• Monumental Architecture of the Aksumite Empire

• The Monumental Stelae of Aksum (3rd–4th Century)

• Mosaic Glass from Islamic Lands

• Mountain and Water: Korean Landscape Painting, 1400–1800

• Muromachi Period (1392–1573)

• Music and Art of China

• Music in Ancient Greece

• Music in the Ancient Andes

• Music in the Renaissance

• Musical Instruments of Oceania

• Musical Instruments of the Indian Subcontinent

• Musical Terms for the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

• Mycenaean Civilization

• Mystery Cults in the Greek and Roman World

• Nabataean Kingdom and Petra

• The Nabis and Decorative Painting

• Nadar (1820–1910)

• The Nahal Mishmar Treasure

• Nan Madol

• Nature in Chinese Culture

• The Nature of Islamic Art

• The Neoclassical Temple

• Neoclassicism

• Neolithic Period in China

• Nepalese Painting

• Nepalese Sculpture

• Netsuke: From Fashion Fobs to Coveted Collectibles

• New Caledonia

• The New Documentary Tradition in Photography

• New Ireland

• New Vision Photography

• A New Visual Language Transmitted Across Asia

• The New York Dutch Room

• Nicolas Poussin (1594–1665)

• Nimrud

• Nineteenth-Century American Drawings

• Nineteenth-Century American Folk Art

• Nineteenth-Century American Jewelry

• Nineteenth-Century American Silver

• Nineteenth-Century Classical Music

• Nineteenth-Century Court Arts in India

• Nineteenth-Century English Silver

• Nineteenth-Century European Textile Production

• Nineteenth-Century French Realism

• Nineteenth-Century Iran: Art and the Advent of Modernity

• Nineteenth-Century Iran: Continuity and Revivalism

• Nineteenth-Century Silhouette and Support

• Nineveh

• Nō Costume

• Nok Terracottas (500 B.C.–200 A.D.)

• Northern Italian Renaissance Painting

• Northern Mannerism in the Early Sixteenth Century

• Northern Song Dynasty (960–1127)

• Northwest Coast Indians Musical Instruments

• The Nude in Baroque and Later Art

• The Nude in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance

• The Nude in Western Art and Its Beginnings in Antiquity

• Nudity and Classical Themes in Byzantine Art

• Nuptial Furnishings in the Italian Renaissance

• The Old Assyrian Period (ca. 2000–1600 B.C.)

• Olmec Art

• The Opera

• Orientalism in Nineteenth-Century Art

• Orientalism: Visions of the East in Western Dress

• The Origins of Writing

• Ottonian Art

• Pablo Picasso (1881–1973)

• Pachmari Hills (ca. 9000–3000 B.C.)

• Painted Funerary Monuments from Hellenistic Alexandria

• Painting Formats in East Asian Art

• Painting in Italian Choir Books, 1300–1500

• Painting in Oil in the Low Countries and Its Spread to Southern Europe

• Painting the Life of Christ in Medieval and Renaissance Italy

• Paintings of Love and Marriage in the Italian Renaissance

• Palmyra

• Paolo Veronese (1528–1588)

• The Papacy and the Vatican Palace

• The Papacy during the Renaissance

• Papyrus in Ancient Egypt

• Papyrus-Making in Egypt

• The Parthian Empire (247 B.C.–224 A.D.)

• Pastoral Charms in the French Renaissance

• Patronage at the Early Valois Courts (1328–1461)

• Patronage at the Later Valois Courts (1461–1589)

• Patronage of Jean de Berry (1340–1416)

• Paul Cézanne (1839–1906)

• Paul Gauguin (1848–1903)

• Paul Klee (1879–1940)

• Paul Poiret (1879–1944)

• Paul Revere, Jr. (1734–1818)

• Paul Strand (1890–1976)

• Period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (386–581)

• Peter Paul Rubens (1577–1640) and Anthony van Dyck (1599–1641): Paintings

• Peter Paul Rubens (1577–1640) and Anthony van Dyck (1599–1641): Works on Paper

• Petrus Christus (active by 1444, died 1475/76)

• The Phoenicians (1500–300 B.C.)

• Photographers in Egypt

• Photography and Surrealism

• Photography and the Civil War, 1861–65

• Photography at the Bauhaus

• Photography in Düsseldorf

• Photography in Europe, 1945–60

• Photography in Postwar America, 1945-60

• Photography in the Expanded Field: Painting, Performance, and the Neo-Avant-Garde

• Photojournalism and the Picture Press in Germany

• Phrygia, Gordion, and King Midas in the Late Eighth Century B.C.

• The Piano: The Pianofortes of Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731)

• The Piano: Viennese Instruments

• Pictorialism in America

• The Pictures Generation

• Pierre Bonnard (1867–1947): The Late Interiors

• Pierre Didot the Elder (1761–1853)

• Pieter Bruegel the Elder (ca. 1525–1569)

• Pilgrimage in Medieval Europe

• The Pipa

• Poetic Allusions in the Rajput and Pahari Painting of India

• Poets in Italian Mythological Prints

• Poets, Lovers, and Heroes in Italian Mythological Prints

• Polychrome Sculpture in Spanish America

• Polychromy of Roman Marble Sculpture

• Popular Religion: Magical Uses of Imagery in Byzantine Art

• Portrait Painting in England, 1600–1800

• Portraits of African Leadership

• Portraits of African Leadership: Living Rulers

• Portraits of African Leadership: Memorials

• Portraits of African Leadership: Royal Ancestors

• Portraiture in Renaissance and Baroque Europe

• The Portuguese in Africa, 1415–1600

• Post-Impressionism

• Postmodernism: Recent Developments in Art in India

• Postmodernism: Recent Developments in Art in Pakistan and Bangladesh

• Post-Revolutionary America: 1800–1840

• The Postwar Print Renaissance in America

• Poverty Point (2000–1000 B.C.)

• The Praenestine Cistae

• Prague during the Rule of Rudolf II (1583–1612)

• Prague, 1347–1437

• Pre-Angkor Traditions: The Mekong Delta and Peninsular Thailand

• Precisionism

• Prehistoric Cypriot Art and Culture

• Prehistoric Stone Sculpture from New Guinea

• The Pre-Raphaelites

• Presidents of the United States of America

• The Print in the Nineteenth Century

• The Printed Image in the West: Aquatint

• The Printed Image in the West: Drypoint

• The Printed Image in the West: Engraving

• The Printed Image in the West: Etching

• The Printed Image in the West: History and Techniques

• The Printed Image in the West: Mezzotint

• The Printed Image in the West: Woodcut

• Printmaking in Mexico, 1900–1950

• Private Devotion in Medieval Christianity

• Profane Love and Erotic Art in the Italian Renaissance

• The Pyramid Complex of Senwosret III, Dahshur

• The Pyramid Complex of Senwosret III, Dahshur: Private Tombs to the North

• The Pyramid Complex of Senwosret III, Dahshur: Queens and Princesses

• The Pyramid Complex of Senwosret III, Dahshur: Temples

• The Qin

• Qin Dynasty (221–206 B.C.)

• The Qing Dynasty (1644–1911): Courtiers, Officials, and Professional Artists

• The Qing Dynasty (1644–1911): Loyalists and Individualists

• The Qing Dynasty (1644–1911): Painting

• The Qing Dynasty (1644–1911): The Traditionalists

• The Rag-dung

• Rare Coins from Nishapur

• Real Alto

• Recognizing the Gods

• The Rediscovery of Classical Antiquity

• The Reformation

• Relics and Reliquaries in Medieval Christianity

• Religion and Culture in North America, 1600–1700

• The Religious Arts under the Ilkhanids

• The Religious Relationship between Byzantium and the West

• Rembrandt (1606–1669): Paintings

• Rembrandt van Rijn (1606–1669): Prints

• Renaissance Drawings: Material and Function

• Renaissance Keyboards

• Renaissance Organs

• Renaissance Velvet Textiles

• Renaissance Violins

• Retrospective Styles in Greek and Roman Sculpture

• Rinpa Painting Style

• The Rise of Macedon and the Conquests of Alexander the Great

• The Rise of Modernity in South Asia

• The Rise of Paper Photography in 1850s France

• The Rise of Paper Photography in Italy, 1839–55

• The Rock-hewn Churches of Lalibela

• Roger Fenton (1819–1869)

• The Roman Banquet

• Roman Cameo Glass

• Roman Copies of Greek Statues

• Roman Egypt

• The Roman Empire (27 B.C.–393 A.D.)

• Roman Games: Playing with Animals

• Roman Glass

• Roman Gold-Band Glass

• Roman Housing

• Roman Inscriptions

• Roman Luxury Glass

• Roman Mold-Blown Glass

• Roman Mosaic and Network Glass

• Roman Painting

• Roman Portrait Sculpture: Republican through Constantinian

• Roman Portrait Sculpture: The Stylistic Cycle

• The Roman Republic

• Roman Sarcophagi

• Roman Stuccowork

• Romanesque Art

• Romanticism

• Saint Petersburg

• Saints and Other Sacred Byzantine Figures

• Saints in Medieval Christian Art

• The Salon and the Royal Academy in the Nineteenth Century

• Samurai

• San Ethnography

• Sanford Robinson Gifford (1823–1880)

• Sardis

• The Sasanian Empire (224–651 A.D.)

• Scenes of Everyday Life in Ancient Greece

• Scholar-Officials of China

• School of Paris

• Seasonal Imagery in Japanese Art

• The Seleucid Empire (323–64 B.C.)

• Senufo Arts and Poro Initiation in Northern Côte d’Ivoire

• Senufo Sculpture from West Africa: An Influential Exhibition at the Museum of Primitive Art, New York, 1963

• Seventeenth-Century European Watches

• The Severan Dynasty (193–235 A.D.)

• Sèvres Porcelain in the Nineteenth Century

• Shah ‘Abbas and the Arts of Isfahan

• The Shah Jahan Album

• The Shahnama of Shah Tahmasp

• Shaker Furniture

• Shakespeare and Art, 1709–1922

• Shakespeare Portrayed

• Shang and Zhou Dynasties: The Bronze Age of China

• Shinto

• Shoes in The Costume Institute

• Shōguns and Art

• Shunga Dynasty (ca. Second–First Century B.C.)

• Sienese Painting

• Silk Textiles from Safavid Iran, 1501–1722

• Silks from Ottoman Turkey

• Silver in Ancient Egypt

• Sixteenth-Century Painting in Emilia-Romagna

• Sixteenth-Century Painting in Lombardy

• Sixteenth-Century Painting in Venice and the Veneto

• The Solomon Islands

• South Asian Art and Culture

• Southern Italian Vase Painting

• Southern Song Dynasty (1127–1279)

• The Spanish Guitar

• Stained (Luster-Painted) Glass from Islamic Lands

• Stained Glass in Medieval Europe

• Still-Life Painting in Northern Europe, 1600–1800

• Still-Life Painting in Southern Europe, 1600–1800

• The Structure of Photographic Metaphors

• Students of Benjamin West (1738–1820)

• Surrealism

• Symbolism

• The Symposium in Ancient Greece

• Tahiti

• Takht-i Sulaiman and Tilework in the Ilkhanid Period

• Talavera de Puebla

• Tanagra Figurines

• Tang Dynasty (618–907)

• The Technique of Bronze Statuary in Ancient Greece

• Techniques of Decoration on Arms and Armor

• Telling Time in Ancient Egypt

• Tenochtitlan

• Tenochtitlan: Templo Mayor

• Teotihuacan

• Teotihuacan: Ciudadela

• Teotihuacan: Mural Painting

• Teotihuacan: Pyramids of the Sun and the Moon

• Textile Production in Europe: Embroidery, 1600–1800

• Textile Production in Europe: Lace, 1600–1800

• Textile Production in Europe: Printed, 1600–1800

• Textile Production in Europe: Silk, 1600–1800

• Theater and Amphitheater in the Roman World

• Theater in Ancient Greece

• Theseus, Hero of Athens

• Thomas Chippendale’s Gentleman and Cabinet-Maker’s Director

• Thomas Cole (1801–1848)

• Thomas Eakins (1844–1916): Painting

• Thomas Eakins (1844–1916): Photography, 1880s–90s

• Thomas Hart Benton’s America Today Mural

• Thomas Sully (1783–1872) and Queen Victoria

• Tibetan Arms and Armor

• Tibetan Buddhist Art

• Tikal

• Tikal: Sacred Architecture

• Tikal: Stone Sculpture

• Time of Day on Painted Athenian Vases

• Tiraz: Inscribed Textiles from the Early Islamic Period

• Titian (ca. 1485/90?–1576)

• The Tomb of Wah

• Trade and Commercial Activity in the Byzantine and Early Islamic Middle East

• Trade and the Spread of Islam in Africa

• Trade between Arabia and the Empires of Rome and Asia

• Trade between the Romans and the Empires of Asia

• Trade Relations among European and African Nations

• Trade Routes between Europe and Asia during Antiquity

• Traditional Chinese Painting in the Twentieth Century

• The Transatlantic Slave Trade

• The Transformation of Landscape Painting in France

• The Trans-Saharan Gold Trade (7th–14th Century)

• Turkmen Jewelry

• Turquoise in Ancient Egypt

• Tutankhamun’s Funeral

• Tutsi Basketry

• Twentieth-Century Silhouette and Support

• The Ubaid Period (5500–4000 B.C.)

• Ubirr (ca. 40,000?–present)

• Ugarit

• Umberto Boccioni (1882–1916)

• Unfinished Works in European Art, ca. 1500–1900

• Ur: The Royal Graves

• Ur: The Ziggurat

• Urartu

• Uruk: The First City

• Valdivia Figurines

• Vegetal Patterns in Islamic Art

• Velázquez (1599–1660)

• Venetian Color and Florentine Design

• Venice and the Islamic World, 828–1797

• Venice and the Islamic World: Commercial Exchange, Diplomacy, and Religious Difference

• Venice in the Eighteenth Century

• Venice’s Principal Muslim Trading Partners: The Mamluks, the Ottomans, and the Safavids

• The Vibrant Role of Mingqi in Early Chinese Burials

• The Vikings (780–1100)

• Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890)

• Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890): The Drawings

• The Viol

• Violin Makers: Nicolò Amati (1596–1684) and Antonio Stradivari (1644–1737)

• Visual Culture of the Atlantic World

• Vivienne Westwood (born 1941) and the Postmodern Legacy of Punk Style

• Wadi Kubbaniya (ca. 17,000–15,000 B.C.)

• Walker Evans (1903–1975)

• Wang Hui (1632–1717)

• Warfare in Ancient Greece

• Watercolor Painting in Britain, 1750–1850

• Ways of Recording African History

• Weddings in the Italian Renaissance

• West Asia: Ancient Legends, Modern Idioms

• West Asia: Between Tradition and Modernity

• West Asia: Postmodernism, the Diaspora, and Women Artists

• William Blake (1757–1827)

• William Henry Fox Talbot (1800–1877) and the Invention of Photography

• William Merritt Chase (1849–1916)

• Winslow Homer (1836–1910)

• Wisteria Dining Room, Paris

• Women Artists in Nineteenth-Century France

• Women China Decorators

• Women in Classical Greece

• Women Leaders in African History, 17th–19th Century

• Women Leaders in African History, 17th–19th Century

• Women Leaders in African History: Ana Nzinga, Queen of Ndongo

• Women Leaders in African History: Dona Beatriz, Kongo Prophet

• Women Leaders in African History: Idia, First Queen Mother of Benin

• Woodblock Prints in the Ukiyo-e Style

• Woodcut Book Illustration in Renaissance Italy: Florence in the 1490s

• Woodcut Book Illustration in Renaissance Italy: The First Illustrated Books

• Woodcut Book Illustration in Renaissance Italy: Venice in the 1490s

• Woodcut Book Illustration in Renaissance Italy: Venice in the Sixteenth Century

• Wordplay in Twentieth-Century Prints

• Work and Leisure: Eighteenth-Century Genre Painting in Korea

• X-ray Style in Arnhem Land Rock Art

• Yamato-e Painting

• Yangban: The Cultural Life of the Joseon Literati

• Yayoi Culture (ca. 300 B.C.–300 A.D.)

• The Year One

• Years Leading to the Iranian Revolution, 1960–79

• Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368)

• Zen Buddhism