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Fig. 1. Letter of March 21, 1889, from Erwin Davis to Samuel P. Avery, chairman of the committee on paintings at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, offering this painting and two others as gifts (The Metropolitan Museum of Art Archives)
Artwork Details
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Title:Young Lady in 1866
Artist:Edouard Manet (French, Paris 1832–1883 Paris)
Paris. Manet's studio. spring 1866, no catalogue [see Tabarant 1947].
Paris. Avenue de l'Alma. "Tableaux de M. Édouard Manet," May 1867, no. 15 (as "Jeune dame en 1866").
Paris. Salon. May 1–June 20, 1868, no. 1659 (as "Une jeune femme").
London. Durand-Ruel. "Fifth Exhibition of the Society of French Artists," Winter 1872, no. 49 [see Cooper 1954].
New York. National Academy of Design. "Pedestal Fund Art Loan Exhibition," December 3, 1883–January 1, 1884, no. 182 (lent by Erwin Davis).
Paris. École Nationale des Beaux-Arts. "Exposition des œuvres de Édouard Manet," January 6–28, 1884, no. 39 (possibly this picture) [see Distel 1981].
Paris. Palais National des Arts. "Chefs d'œuvre de l'art français," July–September 1937, no. 356.
Hippolyte Babou. "Les dissidents de l'exposition." La revue liberale 2 (1867), p. 288 [see Ref. Loyrette 1994].
Paul Mantz. "Salon de 1868, II." L'illustration (June 6, 1868), p. 362 [translated and reprinted in George Heard Hamilton, "Manet and His Critics," New Haven, 1954, p. 121], finds it unsuccessful in its treatment of flesh tones and untrue to nature.
J. Grangedor. "Le Salon de 1868." Gazette des beaux-arts 24 (June 1, 1868), p. 520.
Marius Chaumelin. "Salon de 1868." La presse (1868) [reprinted in Chaumelin, "L'Art contemporain," Paris, 1873, pp. 136–37], dislikes the inclusion of the parrot in the composition.
B. de Renjarde. "Salon de 1868. VII. L'Ecole du laid." Le Petit journal (May 28, 1868), p. 3.
Edouard Manet. Memorandum of Paintings Sold to Durand-Ruel. [January–February 1872] [published and translated in Ref. Wilson-Bareau 1991, p. 163], notes that he sold it to Durand-Ruel for Fr 1,500.
Edmond Bazire. Manet. Paris, 1884, p. 60, discusses reaction to this painting at the Salon of 1868.
"Prices at the Erwin Davis Sale." Evening Sun (March 21, 1889), p. 3, as "Feeding the Parrot"; lists its sale price in the Davis sale as $1,350 dollars.
"Impressionists and Imitators." The Collector 1 (November 15, 1889), p. 11, as "Woman with the Parrot".
Paul Durand-Ruel. Letter to an unknown addressee. March 3, 1895 [published in translation in Durand-Ruel and Durand-Ruel 2024].
William Sharp. "The Art Treasures of America (Concluded.)." Living Age, 7th ser., 1 (December 3, 1898), p. 606, as "Girl with a Parrot".
Arthur Hoeber. The Treasures of The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York. New York, 1899, p. 90.
Frank Fowler. "The Field of Art: Modern Foreign Paintings at the Metropolitan Museum, Some Examples of the French School." Scribner's Magazine 44 (September 1908), p. 381, discusses the use of color and notes the "marvellous painter-like quality of the half-peeled orange".
Erich Hancke. "Manet als Porträtmaler." Kunst und Künstler 8 (February 1910), pp. 247–48, ill., notes that the figure recalls silhouettes found in Japanese art.
Emil Waldmann. "Französische Bilder in amerikanischem Privatbesitz II." Kunst und Künstler 9 (December 1910), p. 137.
Jean Laran and Georges Le Bas. Manet. Paris, 1912, pp. 51–52, pl. XVIII, mention that it was referred to as "La jeune Dame en 1866," "La femme en rose," and "La femme au perroquet"; cite contemporary criticism.
Julius Meier-Graefe. Edouard Manet. Munich, 1912, p. 312, pl. 91.
Katharine Metcalf Roof. The Life and Art of William Merritt Chase. New York, 1917, p. 94, notes that Chase told Weir that Durand-Ruel had this painting and another by Manet for sale in their gallery.
Duncan Phillips. Julian Alden Weir: An Appreciation of His Life and Works. New York, 1921, p. 21, comments that Erwin Davis commissioned Weir to buy Impressionist paintings for him in Paris, including this one.
Emil Waldmann. Edouard Manet. Berlin, 1923, pp. 46–47, 72, ill.
Paul Jamot. "Manet as Portrait Painter." Burlington Magazine 49 (December 1926), pp. 302, 306–9, fig. A, identifies the woman as Victorine Meurend, a model that Manet painted numerous times; declares it a masterpiece and comments on its delicacy, subtlety, and grandeur; notes its influence on Renoir's "Portrait of Mme Maître".
Algemeen handelsblad (December 14, 1926), p. 9, as "Femme au Perroquet" (Woman with Parrot).
Paul Jamot. "Manet, 'Le fifre' et Victorine Meurend." Revue de l'art ancien et moderne 51 (January–May 1927), pp. 36, 39–41, ill. (overall and detail), remarks that the model's proportions have been elongated.
Charles V. Wheeler. Manet, An Essay. Washington, 1930, pp. 39–40, ill.
A. Tabarant. Manet, histoire catalographique. Paris, 1931, pp. 149–51, no. 111, provides provenance information and reprints contemporary criticism.
Paul Jamot and Georges Wildenstein. Manet. Paris, 1932, vol. 1, pp. 37–39, 42–43, 83, 107, 133, no. 132; vol. 2, fig. 38, suggest that it was no. 40, "Jeune fille en peignoir rose," in the inventory made of Manet's works after his death.
"Notes biographiques." L'amour de l'art 13 (May 1932), p. 146.
Paul Colin. Édouard Manet. Paris, 1932, pp. 33, 74, pl. XX.
Charles Sterling inChefs d'œuvre de l'art français. Exh. cat., Palais National des Arts. Paris, 1937, pp. 176–77, no. 356.
Robert Rey. Manet. English ed. [French ed. 1938]. New York, 1938, pp. 14, 75, ill.
"Vergissing te New YYork: Toreador in stede van vrouw met papegaai." De Telegraaf, , (July 27, 1938), p. 5, claims that the exhibition curator requested this work but received 29.100.53 by Manet instead.
"Kunst-kroniek: Vergissing te New York." De locomotief (September 8, 1938), p. 3.2, ill., as "Dame met den Papegaai" (Woman with the Parrot); claims that the exhibition curator requested this work but was sent Manet’s “Mademoiselle V. . . in the Costume of an Espada” (29.100.53) instead.
Ernst Scheyer. "Far Eastern Art and French Impressionism." The Art Quarterly 6 (Spring 1943), p. 125, dates it 1868 and notes the influence of Japanese art.
Ima N. Ebin. "Manet and Zola." Gazette des beaux-arts 27 (June 1945), pp. 361–63, fig. 3, notes that Zola was the first to criticize this work.
Hans Huth. "Impressionism Comes to America." Gazette des beaux-arts, 6th ser., 29 (April 1946), p. 233.
A. Tabarant. Manet et ses œuvres. 4th ed. (1st. ed. 1942). Paris, 1947, pp. 119, 124, 146–47, 149–50, 195, 323, 492, 516, 536, no. 115, fig. 115, notes that it was included in a private exhibition held in Manet's studio on the rue de Guyot in 1866.
Michel Florisoone. Manet. Monaco, 1947, pp. xxi, 38, ill., includes it among the pictures reflecting Manet's study of Velázquez at the Prado.
Douglas Cooper. Manet: Paintings. London, 1950, p. 4.
Josephine L. Allen and Elizabeth E. Gardner. A Concise Catalogue of the European Paintings in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 1954, p. 63.
George Heard Hamilton. Manet and His Critics. New Haven, 1954, pp. 101, 114–16, 118–20, 124, 130, 209, 276, 279, pl. 18, reprints and discusses contemporary criticism.
Nils Gösta Sandblad. Manet: Three Studies in Artistic Conception. Lund, 1954, pp. 83, 104, 150.
J.-L. Vaudoyer. E. Manet. Paris, [1955], unpaginated, no. 22, ill. (overall and detail).
Cor de Groot. "Grandioze collectie in Parijse orangerie: Franse kunst uit Amerika." De Volkskrant, , (April 30, 1955), p. 15, as "vrouw met de papegaai" (woman with the parrot).
A. Hyatt Mayor. "The Gifts that Made the Museum." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 16 (November 1957), p. 100.
Jean Sutherland Boggs. "Degas Notebooks at the Bibliothèque Nationale III: Group C (1863–1886)." Burlington Magazine 100 (July 1958), p. 243 n. 6, compares The Met's painting to Degas's pencil study for his "Girl in Red" (ca. 1866, National Gallery of Art, Washington), where the figure appears with a parrot (Notebook C 1, p. 27, Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris); suggests that Manet and Degas may have shared the same model when working on these two paintings.
Henri Perruchot. La vie de Manet. Paris, 1959, pp. 193–94.
François Daulte. "Le marchand des impressionnistes." L'Oeil no. 66 (June 1960), p. 58, reproduces the page from Durand-Ruel's account book where the purchase of this picture from Manet in January 1872 is recorded.
Jean Sutherland Boggs. Portraits by Degas. Berkeley, 1962, p. 33, fig. 47.
Pierre Courthion. Edouard Manet. New York, 1962, pp. 88–89, ill. (color), notes that Manet seems to return to an "earlier manner" in this picture; identifies the violets as Parma violets.
A. Tabarant. La Vie artistique au temps de Baudelaire. 2nd ed. (1st ed. 1942). [Paris], 1963, p. 376.
George Heard Hamilton. "Is Manet Still 'Modern'?" Art News Annual 31 (1966), pp. 160, erroneously calls it "Young Lady in 1868".
Joel Isaacson. "The Early Paintings of Claude Monet." PhD diss., University of California, Berkeley, 1967, pp. 190–91, 311 n. 11, p. 313 n. 22, p. 319 n. 27.
Sandra Orienti inThe Complete Paintings of Manet. New York, 1967, p. 96, no. 103, ill.
Margaretta M. Salinger. "Windows Open to Nature." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 27 (Summer 1968), unpaginated, ill.
Joel Isaacson. Manet and Spain, Prints and Drawings. Exh. cat., The Museum of Art, The University of Michigan. Ann Arbor, Mich., 1969, p. 11, relates it to Velázquez's full-length figure compositions.
Michael Fried. "Manet's Sources." Artforum 7 (March 1969), p. 57, notes the influence of Watteau.
William S. Talbot. "Henri Fantin-Latour: Madame Henri Lerolle." Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 56 (November 1969), p. 313, fig. 4.
Sharon Flescher inFrom Realism to Symbolism: Whistler and His World. Ed. Allen Staley. Exh. cat., Wildenstein & Co., Inc. New York, 1971, p. 98, no. 96, pl. 16, suggests that Manet could have been influenced by Whistler's "White Girl".
Denys Sutton, ed. Letters of Roger Fry. New York, 1972, p. 24.
John L. Connolly Jr. "Ingres and the Erotic Intellect." Art News Annual Ed. Linda Nochlin and Thomas B. Hess., Woman as Sex Object, Studies in Erotic Art, 1730–1970, 38 (1972), pp. 25–27, ill., calls this an "essay" on the five senses.
Mona Hadler. "Manet's 'Woman with a Parrot' of 1866." Metropolitan Museum Journal 7 (1973), pp. 115–22, fig. 1, identifies the parrot as a Jaco, a type indigenous to Africa; discusses the relationship between the woman and the parrot.
Richard J. Boyle. American Impressionism. Boston, 1974, pp. 159–60.
Carl R. Baldwin. The Impressionist Epoch. Exh. brochure, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. [New York], 1974, p. 12.
Charles S. Moffett inImpressionism: A Centenary Exhibition. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 1974, pp. 110–14, 124, 126, no. 19, ill. (color, overall and detail) [French ed., "Centenaire de l'impressionnisme," Paris].
George Mauner. Manet, Peintre-Philosophe: A Study of the Painter's Themes. University Park, Pa., 1975, pp. 136–37, 140, fig. 81, interprets it as a study of the five senses.
Theodore Reff. The Notebooks of Edgar Degas: A Catalogue of the Thirty-Eight Notebooks in the Bibliothèque Nationale and Other Collections. Oxford, 1976, vol. 1, p. 111 (notebook 22, p. 27), notes that Degas's sketch of a woman wearing a dressing gown, with a parrot perched on her right hand (Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris), probably a study for "Girl in Red" (ca. 1866, National Gallery of Art, Washington), was "evidently inspired by" The Met's picture, remarking that Manet's painting was exhibited in 1867 and 1868 [presumably to suggest occasions when Degas could have seen it].
Anne Coffin Hanson. Manet and the Modern Tradition. New Haven, 1977, pp. 75–76.
Richard Shone. Manet. London, 1978, unpaginated, no. 15, colorpl. 15, as "Woman with a Parrot".
Theodore Reff. "Courbet and Manet." Arts Magazine 54 (March 1980), pp. 101, 103 n. 50, fig. 14.
Frances Weitzenhoffer. "First Manet Paintings to Enter an American Museum." Gazette des beaux-arts, 6th ser., 97 (March 1981), pp. 125, 127–28, describes in detail Erwin Davis's acquisition, attempted sale, and donation of this picture.
Novelene Ross. Manet's 'Bar at the Folies-Bergère' and the Myths of Popular Illustration. Ann Arbor, Mich., 1982, p. 49, pl. 29.
Charles S. Moffett inManet, 1832–1883. Ed. Françoise Cachin and Charles S. Moffett. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 1983, pp. 58, 109, 201, 254–58, no. 96, ill. (color, overall and detail) [French ed., Paris, pp. 109, 201, 254–58, no. 96, ill. (color, overall and detail)].
Françoise Cachin inManet, 1832–1883. Ed. Françoise Cachin and Charles S. Moffett. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 1983, pp. 58, 318 [French ed., Paris].
Pierre Daix. La vie de peintre d'Édouard Manet. Paris, 1983, pp. 151, 156, 176, fig. 23.
Charles F. Stuckey. Manet. Mount Vernon, N.Y., 1983, p. 11, colorpl. 8, notes that the parrot on its stand suggests a courtesan's bedroom.
John House. "Seeing Manet Whole." Art in America 71 (November 1983), pp. 181, 185, as "Woman with a Parrot".
Charles F. Stuckey. "Manet Revised: Whodunit?" Art in America 71 (November 1983), pp. 161, 239 n. 13, ill. (overall and x-radiograph), discusses the picture's "battle scars" visible in the x-radiograph, including the multiple times Manet scraped out the head to arrive at one with which he was content; notes that his final changes to the painting may postdate Monet's (1867) and Gautier's (1868) criticisms of it.
Peter Hecht. "Manet et les Hollandais, ou la tradition du 'contemporain'." Septentrion 13 (April 1984), pp. 47–48, comments that attempts to interpret this painting as an allegory of the five senses are misplaced, asserting that the hidden symbolism in seventeenth-century Dutch painting was largely unrecognized in the nineteenth century.
John Pope-Hennessy. "Roger Fry and The Metropolitan Museum of Art." Oxford, China, and Italy: Writings in Honour of Sir Harold Acton on his Eightieth Birthday. Ed. Edward Chaney and Neil Ritchie. London, 1984, pp. 231, 235–36, notes that Roger Fry "fancied himself a restorer" and identifies this painting as the most important picture he treated in New York.
Charles S. Moffett. Impressionist and Post-Impressionist Paintings in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 1985, pp. 36–37, ill. (color, overall and detail).
Frances Weitzenhoffer. The Havemeyers: Impressionism Comes to America. New York, 1986, p. 35, pl. 7.
Maureen C. O'Brien in Maureen C. O'Brien. In Support of Liberty: European Paintings at the 1883 Pedestal Fund Art Loan Exhibition. Exh. cat., Parrish Art Museum. Southampton, N.Y., 1986, pp. 25, 35, 37–38, 96, 146, 154, 160–61, fig. 28, colorpl. XVIII, reproduces the 1883 exhibition catalogue; discusses the "show-stopper" status of this picture and Manet's "Boy with a Sword" (MMA 89.21.2) due to preferential hanging in the place of honor, the south wall of the paintings gallery, which they shared with Degas at the exhibition of 1883.
Kathleen Adler. Manet. Oxford, 1986, pp. 87–88, 92, 101, 230 nn. 12 and 13, colorpl. 76, remarks that the fruit in this picture is the shape and size of an orange, but the color of a lemon, and that it appears to be a "citron," which were grown in orangeries in the nineteenth century "and so, particularly appropriate in connection with the exoticism of the parrot"; notes that radiography has revealed that Manet repainted the head extensively, "perhaps in response to criticism it received at the Salon".
Ronald G. Pisano in Maureen C. O'Brien. In Support of Liberty: European Paintings at the 1883 Pedestal Fund Art Loan Exhibition. Exh. cat., Parrish Art Museum. Southampton, N.Y., 1986, pp. 63, 69.
John House inThe Hidden Face of Manet: An Investigation of the Artist's Working Processes. Exh. cat., Courtauld Institute Galleries. [London?], 1986, p. 12.
Sjraar van Heutgen et al. inFranse meesters uit het Metropolitan Museum of Art: Realisten en Impressionisten. Exh. cat., Rijksmuseum Vincent van Gogh, Amsterdam. Zwolle, The Netherlands, 1987, pp. 11, 13, fig. 1.
Gary Tinterow et al. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Vol. 8, Modern Europe. New York, 1987, pp. 6, 14–15, colorpls. 3 (overall and detail), agree with the spelling "Meurent".
Gary Tinterow et al. Capolavori impressionisti dei musei americani. Exh. cat., Museo di Capodimonte, Naples. Milan, 1987, p. 54, notes that this and the "Boy with a Sword" (MMA 89.21.2) were the first of Manet's pictures to enter a public collection in the United States.
Larry L. Ligo. "Baudelaire's Mistress Reclining and Young Woman Reclining in Spanish Costume: Manet's Pendant Portraits of his Acknowledged 'Mistresses,' Baudelairian Aesthetics and Photography." Arts Magazine 62 (January 1988), 77–78, 84 nn. 14–15, fig. 4, discusses the iconography of the picture to support his theory that the woman portrayed is intended to represent a courtesan.
Juliet Wilson-Bareau. Edouard Manet: Voyage en Espagne. [Caen], 1988, p. 22, as "La femme au perroquet".
Juliet Wilson-Bareau. Manet by Himself, Correspondence & Conversation: Paintings, Pastels, Prints & Drawings. Boston, 1991, pp. 10, 163, 309 no. 89, colorpl. 89, calls it "Young Lady in 1866 / Woman with a Parrot".
John House. "Degas' 'Tableaux de Genre'." Dealing with Degas: Representations of Women and the Politics of Vision. Ed. Richard Kendall and Griselda Pollock. London, 1992, p. 89.
Eunice Lipton. Alias Olympia: A Woman's Search for Manet's Notorious Model & Her Own Desire. New York, 1992, pp. 50, 90, 132.
William R. Johnston inAlfred Sisley. Ed. MaryAnne Stevens. Exh. cat., Royal Academy of Arts, London. New Haven, 1992, p. 58.
Margaret Fitzgerald Farr. "Impressionist Portraiture: A Study in Context and Meaning." PhD diss., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1992, pp. 167–70, p. 175 n. 31, pl. 28.
Vivien Perutz. Edouard Manet. Lewisburg, Pa., 1993, pp. 89–90, colorpl. 15, remarks that the monocle and the violets are Manet's revival of the seventeenth-century theme of the five senses and the that "trailing orange peel is . . . a playful reference to a Dutch image of time and so to the 'vanitas' warnings that frequently accompany depictions of the senses".
H. Barbara Weinberg inSplendid Legacy: The Havemeyer Collection. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 1993, p. 76.
Brigitte Le Juez. "'La femme au perroquet': Un portrait de la femme au XIXe siècle." French Studies Bulletin 47 (Summer 1993), pp. 10–12.
Gary Tinterow and Henri Loyrette. Origins of Impressionism. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 1994, pp. xiii, 296, 318 [French ed., "Impressionnisme: Les origines, 1859–1869," Paris, pp. XIII, 296, 319].
Henri Loyrette inOrigins of Impressionism. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 1994, pp. 197, 201, 207, 212, 362, 373, 408–10, no. 103, ill. (colorpl. 243 and black and white) [French ed., Paris, pp. 197, 200, 207, 210, 360, 372, 405–7, ill. (colorpl. 243 and black and white)], compares it to Monet's "Camille (La femme à la robe verte)" (Kunsthalle Bremen).
James H. Rubin. Manet's Silence and the Poetics of Bouquets. Cambridge, Mass., 1994, p. 182, fig. 73.
Marie Simon. Fashion in Art: The Second Empire and Impressionism. London, 1995, pp. 202, 205, ill. p. 204 (color).
Katharine Baetjer. European Paintings in The Metropolitan Museum of Art by Artists Born Before 1865: A Summary Catalogue. New York, 1995, p. 444, ill.
Dorothy Kosinski, Joachim Pissarro, and MaryAnne Stevens. From Manet to Gauguin: Masterpieces from Swiss Private Collections. Exh. cat., Royal Academy of Arts. London, 1995, p. 33.
Michael Fried. Manet's Modernism: or, The Face of Painting in the 1860s. Chicago, 1996, pp. 2, 103, 279, 303–4, 334, fig. 56, notes the inspiration of Watteau and of Velázquez.
Beth Archer Brombert. Edouard Manet: Rebel in a Frock Coat. Boston, 1996, pp. 119, 207–8, 306, 443, 471 n. 19, fig. 19, discusses the symbolism of the monocle.
Alan Krell. Manet and the Painters of Contemporary Life. London, 1996, pp. 34, 49, 77, 81–82, 174, colorpl. 71, fig. 72 (detail), reproduces Randon's caricature (fig. 70), but misidentifies the artist as Bertall and mistakenly gives the publication date as May 19, 1867.
Colin B. Bailey in Colin B. Bailey. Renoir's Portraits: Impressions of an Age. Exh. cat., National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa. New Haven, 1997, p. 114, cites its mood and technique as an influence on Renoir's "Rapha Maître" (private collection).
Juliet Wilson-Bareau. Manet, Monet, and the Gare Saint-Lazare. Exh. cat., National Gallery of Art. New Haven, 1998, pp. 1, 20–23, 25, 194, no. 15, colorpls. 13 and 14 (overall and detail) [French ed., "Manet, Monet: La Gare Saint-Lazare." pp. 20–23, 195, no. 15, colorpls. 13 and 14 (overall and detail)], remarks that it is the first time that Victorine appears as herself in one of Manet's paintings.
Rebecca A. Rabinow. "Modern Art Comes to the Metropolitan: The 1921 Exhibition of 'Impressionist and Post-Impressionist Paintings'." Apollo 152 (October 2000), pp. 4, 9 n. 13.
William H. Gerdts. American Impressionism. 2nd ed. New York, 2001, p. 105.
Nancy Locke. Manet and the Family Romance. Princeton, 2001, pp. 99–100, 157–58, 162, fig. 45.
Marie Lathers inDictionary of Artists' Models. Ed. Jill Berk Jiminez and Joanna Banham. London, 2001, pp. 370–71.
Carol Armstrong. Manet Manette. New Haven, 2002, pp. 11, 15–16, 20, 28, 40–42, 49, 143–44, 159–60, 164–72, 179, 193, 324 n. 24, p. 355 n. 27, p. 356 nn. 40–41, p. 357 n. 48, ill. (overall: colorpl. pl. 68 and fig. 15; details [color]).
Arden Reed. Manet, Flaubert, and the Emergence of Modernism: Blurring Genre Boundaries. Cambridge, 2003, pp. 1–347, ill. (details) and colorpl. IX, quotes contemporary criticism, noting that it was mentioned in only 28 (of 134) reviews of the salon, mostly unfavorably; discusses it in relation to Flaubert's works.
Julia Rowland Myers. "J. Alden Weir's Essay on 'Modern Life': 'In the Park' of 1879." American Art Journal 34–35 (2003–4), p. 173, as "Woman with a Parrot".
Madeleine Korn. "Exhibitions of Modern French Art and Their Influence on Collectors in Britain 1870–1918: The Davies Sisters in Context." Journal of the History of Collections 16, no. 2 (2004), pp. 195, 208, fig. 4.
Barbara Wittmann. Gesichter geben: Edouard Manet und die Poetik des Portraits. Munich, 2004, p. 65 n. 102, p. 84 n. 138, p. 102 n. 182, pp. 111, 184, 191, figs. 22, 33 (overall and detail).
Dorothee Hansen inMonet und "Camille": Frauenportraits im Impressionismus. Ed. Dorothee Hansen and Wulf Herzogenrath. Exh. cat., Kunsthalle Bremen. Munich, 2005, pp. 100, 103, 190, no. 19, ill. pp. 14, 101–2, 190 (color, overall and detail), compares it to Monet's "Camille" (Kunsthalle Bremen) of the same year.
Uwe Fleckner inMonet und "Camille": Frauenportraits im Impressionismus. Ed. Dorothee Hansen and Wulf Herzogenrath. Exh. cat., Kunsthalle Bremen. Munich, 2005, p. 47.
Solfrid Söderlind inMonet und "Camille": Frauenportraits im Impressionismus. Ed. Dorothee Hansen and Wulf Herzogenrath. Exh. cat., Kunsthalle Bremen. Munich, 2005, p. 248, compares it to Velázquez's portraits.
Birgit Haase inMonet und "Camille": Frauenportraits im Impressionismus. Ed. Dorothee Hansen and Wulf Herzogenrath. Exh. cat., Kunsthalle Bremen. Munich, 2005, p. 103.
Ross King. The Judgment of Paris: The Revolutionary Decade That Gave the World Impressionism. New York, 2006, pp. 222, 227, 243.
Therese Dolan. "'En garde': Manet's Portrait of Emilie Ambre in the Role of Bizet's 'Carmen'." Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide 5 (Spring 2006) [https://www.19thc-artworldwide.org/spring06/en-garde-manets-portrait-of-emilie-ambre-in-the-role-of-bizets-carmen].
Gary Tinterow inThe Masterpieces of French Painting from The Metropolitan Museum of Art: 1800–1920. Exh. cat., Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. New York, 2007, pp. 6, 80, figs. 15, 16 (installation photos, color).
Kathryn Calley Galitz inThe Masterpieces of French Painting from The Metropolitan Museum of Art: 1800–1920. Exh. cat., Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. New York, 2007, p. 48.
Michèle Haddad. Gustave Courbet: Peinture et histoire. Sainte-Croix, 2007, pp. 138, 141–42.
Kathryn Calley Galitz inMasterpieces of European Painting, 1800–1920, in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2007, p. 58.
Helen Burnham. "Fashion and the Representation of Modernity: Studies in the Late Work of Edouard Manet (1832–1883)." PhD diss., Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, 2007, p. 151 n. 270.
19th Century European Paintings. Sotheby's, London. June 27, 2007, p. 243, under no. 222, fig. 6 (color).
Laurence des Cars inGustave Courbet. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2008, p. 66, fig. 6 (color) [French ed., Paris, 2007].
Bruce Altshuler, ed. Salon to Biennial—Exhibitions That Made Art History, 1863–1959. Vol. 1, London, 2008, p. 95, as "The Lady with the Parrot".
Danielle Derrey-Capon inAlfred Stevens: 1823–1906. Exh. cat., Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium. Brussels, 2009, p. 28, compares it to Alfred Stevens's drawing "Young Woman Holding a Parrot" (1868, Royal Library of Belgium, Brussels).
MaryAnne Stevens inManet: Portraying Life. Exh. cat., Toledo Museum of Art. London, 2012, pp. 26, 31–32, 191, under no. 36, p. 197, under no. 51, fig. 10 (color), suggests an association with Manet's "Portrait of Mme Brunet" (1860–63, J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles), which was included in the 1884 studio sale under the title "Woman of 1860".
Sarah Lea inManet: Portraying Life. Exh. cat., Toledo Museum of Art. London, 2012, p. 170.
Juliet Wilson-Bareau. "Edouard Manet dans ses ateliers." Ironie no. 161 (January/February 2012), unpaginated.
Mark A. Roglán inNineteenth-Century European Paintings at the Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute. Ed. Sarah Lees. Williamstown, Mass., 2012, vol. 1, p. 464, under no. 200, compares it to Raimundo de Madrazo y Garreta's "Woman with a Parrot" (ca. 1872, Clark Art Institute, Williamstown) and notes that Madrazo may have seen Manet's picture on exhibition in Paris either in 1867 or in 1868.
John House inNineteenth-Century European Paintings at the Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute. Ed. Sarah Lees. Williamstown, Mass., 2012, vol. 2, p. 682, under no. 282, compares it to Renoir's "Child with a Bird (Mademoiselle Fleury in Algerian Costume)" (1882, Clark Art Institute, Williamstown).
Michael F. Zimmermann inRenoir, Between Bohemia and Bourgeoisie: The Early Years. Exh. cat., Kunstmuseum Basel. Ostfildern, 2012, p. 34.
Stefanie Manthey and Nina Zimmer inRenoir, Between Bohemia and Bourgeoisie: The Early Years. Exh. cat., Kunstmuseum Basel. Ostfildern, 2012, p. 103 n. 5.
Susan Sidlauskas inPerspectives on Manet. Ed. Therese Dolan. Farnham, Surrey, 2012, pp. 35, 39.
Robert Lethbridge inPerspectives on Manet. Ed. Therese Dolan. Farnham, Surrey, 2012, pp. 109–10.
Ed Lilley. "Manet and His London Critics Revisited." Burlington Magazine 156 (April 2014), p. 232.
MaryAnne Stevens inDegas: Klassik und Experiment. Ed. Alexander Eiling. Exh. cat., Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe. Munich, 2014, pp. 45, 52 n. 20, fig. 3 (color).
Colin B. Bailey. "The Floating Studio." New York Review of Books 62 (April 23, 2015), p. 55.
Roberta Crisci-Richardson. Mapping Degas: Real Spaces, Symbolic Spaces and Invented Spaces in the Life and Work of Edgar Degas (1834–1917). Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015, p. 127, states that Degas probably sketched from the picture, either at Manet's exhibition in Paris in 1867 or after visiting it.
Kathryn Calley Galitz. The Metropolitan Museum of Art: Masterpiece Paintings. New York, 2016, pp. 437–38, no. 358, ill. pp. 367, 438 (color).
Henri Loyrette. Degas: A New Vision. Exh. cat., National Gallery of Victoria. Melbourne, 2016, p. 24.
Edouard Manet. Ed. Gerhard Finckh. Exh. cat., Von der Heydt-Museum. Wuppertal, 2017, pp. 118, 306, as both "Dame mit dem Papagei" and "Die junge Dame mit dem Papagei".
Pierre Bourdieu. Manet: A Symbolic Revolution. Cambridge, 2017, pp. 226, 260, 343, 459, 464, colorpl. 38.
Lidia Ferrara inThannhauser Collection: French Modernism at the Guggenheim. Ed. Megan Fontanella. New York, 2018, pp. 223, 313 nn. 6, 8.
Juliet Wilson-Bareau and Genevieve Westerby inManet Paintings and Works on Paper at the Art Institute of Chicago. Ed. Gloria Groom and Genevieve Westerby. Chicago, 2019, under nos. 10–11 [https://publications.artic.edu/manet/reader/manetart/section/140038], reproduce Durand-Ruel's stock book page for the picture from their 1868–73 stock book (Archives Durand-Ruel).
Devi Ormond et al. inManet and Modern Beauty: The Artist's Last Years. Ed. Scott Allan, Emily A. Beeny, and Gloria Groom. Exh. cat., Art Institute of Chicago. Los Angeles, 2019, pp. 158–59 n. 47.
Katharine Baetjer and Joan R. Mertens. "The Founding Decades." Making The Met, 1870–2020. Ed. Andrea Bayer with Laura D. Corey. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2020, pp. 42–43, fig. 33 (color).
"Works in the Exhibition." Making The Met, 1870–2020. Ed. Andrea Bayer and Laura D. Corey. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2020, p. 245.
Laura D. Corey and Alice Cooney Frelinghuysen. "Visions of Collecting." Making The Met, 1870–2020. Ed. Andrea Bayer with Laura D. Corey. Exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2020, p. 135.
Jean-Paul Bouillon. Manet to Bracquemond: Newly Discovered Letters to an Artist and Friend. Paris, 2020, p. 88.
Katharine Baetjer inEuropean Masterpieces from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Exh. cat., Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art. South Brisbane, 2021, p. 200.
Maren HĂĽppe inManet and Astruc: Friendship and Inspiration. Ed. Dorothee Hansen. Exh. cat., Kunsthalle Bremen. Madrid, 2021, p. 294.
Paul Galvez. Courbet's Landscapes: The Origins of Modern Painting. , New Haven, 2022, pp. 132–34, fig. 57 (color).
Leanne M. Zalewski. The New York Market for French Art in the Gilded Age, 1867–1893. New York, 2023, p. 126.
Angela Oberer. Rosalba Carriera. Los Angeles, 2023, p. 108.
Flavie Durand-Ruel. Tribute to Paul Durand-Ruel: Art Dealer and Friend of the Impressionists. [Paris], 2023, p. 41.
James Fairhead. "Victorine Meurent: New Evidence from America and Paris." Burlington Magazine 165 (August 2023), pp. 817, 823, 826, fig. 2 (color), provides new biographical information about Victorine Meurent as a cancan dancer; states that Manet apparently posed Victorine as the commedia dell'arte character Columbine in The Met's picture, noting both the similarity of Victorine's pose to that she holds in his "The Street Singer" (1862, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston) and that Victorine had likely performed in a pantomime directed by Manet's friend Champfleury as Columbine the year before.
Jason Farago. "Why Culture Has Come to a Standstill." New York Times (October 10, 2023) [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/10/magazine/stale-culture.html], calls it "the briefest manifesto I know . . . a radical eruption of temporal specificity".
Colin B. Bailey. "A New Language of Modern Art." New York Review of Books (December 21, 2023) [https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2023/12/21/a-new-language-of-modern-art-manet-degas], includes provenance information for the painting.
Marie-Caroline Sainsaulieu inImpressionism and Its Overlooked Women. Ed. Dorthe Vangsgaard Nielsen. Exh. cat., Ordrupgaard. Copenhagen, 2024, pp. 54, 61 n. 4, notes that Eva Gonzalès copied the painting, visible in a photograph (location unknown).
Victorine Meurent (1844–1927) posed for this picture in 1866, the same year as Courbet exhibited his Woman with a Parrot (The Met 29.100.57) at the Salon. When Manet exhibited this painting at the Salon of 1868, it was seen as a response to the Courbet.
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