Statue of Horus as a falcon protecting King Nectanebo II

Late Period
360–343 BCE
On view at The Met Fifth Avenue in Gallery 128
The pharaoh Nectanebo II often invoked a very close connection–even a merging–between himself and the falcon god of kingship, Horus. In fact, Nectanebo II was the focus of a cult in which he was referred to as "Nectanebo-the-Falcon," which could indeed be what is represented by this striking conjunction of a powerful falcon and the monarch. This idea seems to be supported by the fact that Horus is not named on the base, only Nectanebo and the god Osiris-Mnevis, at whose sanctuary in Heliopolis the statue may have been erected.

The composition may be read as a rebus of Nectanebo's Egyptian name, Nakhthorheb: nakht, the sword held in the king's left hand; Hor, the falcon; and heb, the festival sign in the king's right hand. The last sign probably refers to the city of Hebyt, which was the site of the great temple constructed by Nectanebo II for Isis, mother of Horus.

Artwork Details

Object Information
  • Title: Statue of Horus as a falcon protecting King Nectanebo II
  • Period: Late Period
  • Dynasty: Dynasty 30
  • Reign: reign of Nectanebo II
  • Date: 360–343 BCE
  • Geography: From Egypt; Said to be from Memphite Region, Heliopolis (Iunu; On), Tomb of a Mnevis bull
  • Medium: Metagraywacke
  • Dimensions: H. 72 × W. 20 × D. 46.5 cm, 55.3 kg (28 3/8 × 7 7/8 × 18 5/16 in., 122 lb.)
  • Credit Line: Rogers Fund, 1934
  • Object Number: 34.2.1
  • Curatorial Department: Egyptian Art

Audio

Cover Image for 3210. Statue of Horus as a falcon protecting King Nectanebo II

3210. Statue of Horus as a falcon protecting King Nectanebo II

0:00
0:00

This impressive statue represents Egypt’s most beautiful bird of prey: the falcon. According to Egyptian belief, the falcon was an incarnation of the sky god Horus, who was also the god of kingship. Here, Horus stands in a dignified, upright position, with his wings folded. He wears the double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt, symbolizing the union of the Nile Valley in the south and the Delta in the north.

Between the falcon's legs stands a miniature pharaoh. The inscription on the base provides his name: Nakhthorheb, which means "The Forceful One of Festive Horus." Following the ancient Greek version of his name, Egyptologists call this king Nectanebo II. Nectanebo's position under the bird’s powerful breast implies that Horus offers him protection. The closely-knit group of god and pharaoh could also be understood as one entity with a divine and a human aspect. This idea of divine kingship—in which the pharoah was both protected by the god and an incarnation of him—was fundamental to Egyptian concept.

Nectanebo II was Egypt’s last indigenous ruler. A brief interval of Persian domination followed his reign, after which Alexander the Great conquered Egypt in 332 B.C. In such precarious times, this statue’s emphasis on the age-old belief in a divine ruler was surely an excellent way to bolster the morale of the country. Other works of the same type were distributed all over Egypt.

    Listen to more about this artwork

More Artwork

Research Resources

The Met provides unparalleled resources for research and welcomes an international community of students and scholars. The Met's Open Access API is where creators and researchers can connect to the The Met collection. Open Access data and public domain images are available for unrestricted commercial and noncommercial use without permission or fee.

To request images under copyright and other restrictions, please use this Image Request form.

Feedback

We continue to research and examine historical and cultural context for objects in The Met collection. If you have comments or questions about this object record, please contact us using the form below. The Museum looks forward to receiving your comments.

Send feedback