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Standard with two long-horned bulls

ca. 2300–2000 BCE
Not on view
During the Early Bronze Age in central Anatolia (3000–2000 B.C.), a number of nonliterate, localized cultures having little contact with urban Mesopotamia produced spectacular metal vessels, jewelry, weapons, and musical instruments to be buried with their rulers.

This pair of long-horned bulls probably served as a finial for a religious or ceremonial standard. Cast separately, they are held together by extensions of their front and back legs, bent around the plinth. A pierced tang at the base suggests that the pair was connected to another object. The bulls' elaborate, curving horns are half again as long as their bodies, and though impossible in nature, constitute an effective stylistic convention. The tendency to emphasize important features in the representation of animals is a common motif in ancient Near Eastern art.

Artwork Details

Object Information
  • Title: Standard with two long-horned bulls
  • Period: Early Bronze Age III
  • Date: ca. 2300–2000 BCE
  • Geography: Central Anatolia
  • Culture: Hattian
  • Medium: Copper alloy
  • Dimensions: 6 5/16 × 5 3/4 × 2 15/16 in. (16.1 × 14.6 × 7.4 cm)
  • Credit Line: Purchase, Joseph Pulitzer Bequest, 1955
  • Object Number: 55.137.5
  • Curatorial Department: Ancient West Asian Art

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