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1600 A.D.
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1900 A.D.Present

    Chronology
    (291)

  • Anatolia and the Caucasus, 8000–2000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, southeastern Russia, and Asian Turkey

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  • Anatolia and the Caucasus, 2000–1000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, southeastern Russia, and Asian Turkey

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  • Anatolia and the Caucasus, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, southeastern Russia, and Asian Turkey

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  • Anatolia and the Caucasus, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, southeastern Russia, and Asian Turkey.

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  • Anatolia and the Caucasus, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, southeastern Russia, and Asian Turkey

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  • Anatolia and the Caucasus, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, southeastern Russia, and Asian Turkey

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  • Anatolia and the Caucasus, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, southeastern Russia, and Asian Turkey

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  • Anatolia and the Caucasus, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, southeastern Russia, and Asian Turkey

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  • Anatolia and the Caucasus (Asia Minor), 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, southeastern Russia, and Asian Turkey.

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  • Ancient Greece, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, and European Turkey

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  • Ancient Greece, 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, and European Turkey

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  • Arabian Peninsula, 8000–2000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen

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  • Arabian Peninsula, 2000–1000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen

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  • Arabian Peninsula, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen

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  • Arabian Peninsula, 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen

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  • Arabian Peninsula, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen

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  • Arabian Peninsula, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen

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  • Arabian Peninsula, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen

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  • Arabian Peninsula, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen

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  • Arabian Peninsula and Eastern Mediterranean, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Bahrain, Cyprus, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, southern Turkey (Hatay), United Arab Emirates, and Yemen

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  • Arabian Peninsula and Eastern Mediterranean, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Bahrain, Cyprus, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, southern Turkey (Hatay), United Arab Emirates, and Yemen

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  • Asia Minor (Anatolia and the Caucasus), 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, southeastern Russia, and Asian Turkey

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  • Australia, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Australia

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  • Australia, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Australia

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  • Australia, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Australia

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  • Balkan Peninsula, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, and European Turkey

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  • Balkan Peninsula, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, and European Turkey

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  • Balkan Peninsula, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, and European Turkey

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  • Balkan Peninsula, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, and European Turkey

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  • Balkan Peninsula, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, and European Turkey

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  • Central Africa, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Angola, Cabinda, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon

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  • Central Africa, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Angola, Cabinda, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon

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  • Central Africa, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Angola, Cabinda, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon

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  • Central Africa, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Angola, Cabinda, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon

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  • Central America, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Costa Rica, southern Nicaragua, and Panama

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  • Central America, 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Costa Rica, southern Nicaragua, and Panama

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  • Central America and the Caribbean, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day southern Costa Rica, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, and Puerto Rico

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  • Central America and the Caribbean, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day southern Costa Rica, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, and Puerto Rico

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  • Central America and the Caribbean, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day southern Costa Rica, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, and Puerto Rico

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  • Central and North Asia, 8000–2000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Afghanistan, China (Xinjiang Province), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, eastern Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan

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  • Central and North Asia, 2000–1000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Afghanistan, China (Xinjiang Province), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, eastern Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan

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  • Central and North Asia, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Afghanistan, China (Xinjiang Province), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, eastern Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan

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  • Central and North Asia, 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Afghanistan, China (Xinjiang Province), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, eastern Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan

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  • Central and North Asia, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Afghanistan, China (Xinjiang Province), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, eastern Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan

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  • Central and North Asia, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Afghanistan, China (Xinjiang Province), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, eastern Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan

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  • Central and North Asia, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Afghanistan, China (Xinjiang Province), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, eastern Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan

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  • Central and North Asia, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Afghanistan, China (Xinjiang Province), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, eastern Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan

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  • Central and North Asia, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Afghanistan, China (Xinjiang Province), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, eastern Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan

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  • Central and North Asia, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Afghanistan, China (Xinjiang Province), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, eastern Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan

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  • Central and Southern Andes, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Bolivia, northwestern Argentina, Chile, and Peru

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  • Central and Southern Andes, 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Bolivia, northwestern Argentina, Chile, and Peru

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  • Central and Southern Andes, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Bolivia, northwestern Argentina, Chile, and Peru

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  • Central and Southern Andes, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Bolivia, northwestern Argentina, Chile, and Peru

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  • Central and Southern Andes, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Bolivia, northwestern Argentina, Chile, and Peru

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  • Central Europe, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Czech Republic, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Moldova, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia

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  • Central Europe and Low Countries, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Moldova, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Switzerland

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  • Central Europe (including Germany), 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Switzerland

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  • Central Europe (including Germany), 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Switzerland

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  • Central Europe (including Germany), 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Switzerland

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  • Central Europe (including Germany), 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Switzerland

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  • China, 8000–2000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day China

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  • China, 2000–1000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day China

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  • China, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses present-day China

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  • China, 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses present-day China

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  • China, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day China

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  • China, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day China

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  • China, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day China

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  • China, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day China

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  • China, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day China

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  • China, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day China

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  • Eastern Africa, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Burundi, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia

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  • Eastern Africa, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Burundi, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia

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  • Eastern Africa, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Burundi, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia

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  • Eastern and Southern Africa, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Botswana, Burundi, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

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  • Eastern and Southern Africa, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Botswana, Burundi, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

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  • Eastern and Southern Africa, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Botswana, Burundi, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

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  • Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, 8000–2000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, western Russia, Sweden, and Ukraine

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  • Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, 2000–1000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, western Russia, Sweden, and Ukraine

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  • Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, western Russia, Sweden, and Ukraine

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  • Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, western Russia, Sweden, and Ukraine

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  • Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, western Russia, Sweden, and Ukraine

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  • Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, western Russia, Sweden, and Ukraine

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  • Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, western Russia, Sweden, and Ukraine

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  • Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, western Russia, Sweden, and Ukraine

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  • Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, western Russia, Sweden, and Ukraine

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  • Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, western Russia, Sweden, and Ukraine

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  • The Eastern Mediterranean, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and southern Turkey (Hatay)

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  • The Eastern Mediterranean, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and southern Turkey (Hatay)

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  • The Eastern Mediterranean, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and southern Turkey (Hatay)

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  • The Eastern Mediterranean, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and southern Turkey (Hatay)

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  • The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 8000–2000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Cyprus, and southern Turkey

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  • The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 2000–1000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and southern Turkey

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  • The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and southern Turkey

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  • The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and southern Turkey

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  • Egypt, 8000–2000 B.C.

    encompasses ancient Egypt and northern ancient Nubia

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  • Egypt, 2000–1000 B.C.

    encompasses ancient Egypt and northern ancient Nubia

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  • Egypt, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses ancient Egypt and northern ancient Nubia

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  • Egypt, 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses ancient Egypt and northern ancient Nubia

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  • Egypt, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Egypt

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  • Egypt, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Egypt

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  • Egypt, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Egypt

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  • Egypt, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Egypt

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  • Egypt and North Africa, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia

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  • Egypt and North Africa, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia

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  • Florence and Central Italy, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses the present-day regions of Tuscany, Marche, and Umbria

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  • Florence and Central Italy, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses the present-day regions of Tuscany, Marche, and Umbria

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  • France, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Andorra, France, and Monaco

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  • France, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Andorra, France, and Monaco

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  • France, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Andorra, France, and Monaco

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  • France, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Andorra, France, and Monaco

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  • France, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Andorra, France, and Monaco

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  • France, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Andorra, France, and Monaco

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  • Germany and Switzerland, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Austria, Germany, and Switzerland

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  • Great Britain and Ireland, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales

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  • Great Britain and Ireland, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales

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  • Great Britain and Ireland, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales

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  • Great Britain and Ireland, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales

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  • Great Britain and Ireland, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales

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  • Great Britain and Ireland, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales

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  • Guinea Coast, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, coastal Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Togo

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  • Guinea Coast, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, coastal Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Togo

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  • Guinea Coast, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, coastal Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Togo

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  • Guinea Coast, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, coastal Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Togo

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  • Guinea Coast, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, coastal Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Togo

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  • Guinea Coast, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, coastal Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Togo

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  • Himalayan Region, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Bhutan, Nepal, and Tibet

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  • Himalayan Region, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Bhutan, Nepal, and Tibet

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  • Himalayan Region, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Bhutan, Nepal, and Tibet

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  • Himalayan Region, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Bhutan, Nepal, and Tibet

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  • Iberian Peninsula, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Portugal and Spain

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  • Iberian Peninsula, 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Portugal and Spain

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  • Iberian Peninsula, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Portugal and Spain

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  • Iberian Peninsula, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Portugal and Spain

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  • Iberian Peninsula, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Portugal and Spain

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  • Iberian Peninsula, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Portugal and Spain

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  • Iberian Peninsula, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Portugal and Spain

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  • Iran, 8000–2000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Iran

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  • Iran, 2000–1000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Iran

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  • Iran, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Iran

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  • Iran, 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Iran

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  • Iran, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Iran

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  • Iran, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Iran

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  • Iran, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Iran

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  • Iran, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Iran

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  • Iran, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Iran

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  • Iran (Persia), 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Iran

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  • Iraq, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Iraq

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  • Iraq, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Iraq

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  • Iraq, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Iraq

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  • Iraq (Mesopotamia), 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Iraq

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  • Italian Peninsula, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Italy, San Marino, and Vatican City

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  • Italian Peninsula, 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Italy, San Marino, and Vatican City

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  • Italian Peninsula, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Corsica and Italy (including the Tyrrhenian islands of Sicily and Sardinia)

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  • Italian Peninsula, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Corsica and Italy (including the Tyrrhenian islands of Sicily and Sardinia)

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  • Italian Peninsula, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Corsica and Italy (including the Tyrrhenian islands of Sicily and Sardinia)

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  • Japan, 8000–2000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Japan

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  • Japan, 2000–1000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Japan

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  • Japan, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Japan

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  • Japan, 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Japan

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  • Japan, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Japan

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  • Japan, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Japan

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  • Japan, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Japan

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  • Japan, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Japan

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  • Japan, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Japan

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  • Japan, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Japan

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  • Korea, 8000–2000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Korea

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  • Korea, 2000–1000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Korea

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  • Korea, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Korea

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  • Korea, 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Korea

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  • Korea, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Korea

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  • Korea, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Korea

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  • Korea, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Korea

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  • Korea, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Korea

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  • Korea, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Korea

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  • Korea, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Korea

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  • Low Countries, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands

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  • Low Countries, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands

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  • Low Countries, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands

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  • Low Countries, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands

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  • Maya Area, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, western Honduras, and southern Mexico

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  • Maya Area, 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, western Honduras, and southern Mexico

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  • Maya Area, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, western Honduras, and southern Mexico

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  • Maya Area, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, western Honduras, and southern Mexico

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  • Maya Area, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, western Honduras, and southern Mexico

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  • Melanesia, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Papua (Irian Jaya), the Solomon Islands, the Torres Strait Islands, and Vanuatu

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  • Melanesia, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Papua (Irian Jaya), the Solomon Islands, the Torres Strait Islands, and Vanuatu

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  • Melanesia, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Papua (Irian Jaya), the Solomon Islands, the Torres Strait Islands, and Vanuatu

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  • Mesoamerica and Central America, 8000–2000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama

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  • Mesoamerica and Central America, 2000–1000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama

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  • Mesopotamia, 8000–2000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Iraq and northeastern Syria

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  • Mesopotamia, 2000–1000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Iraq and northeastern Syria

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  • Mesopotamia, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Iraq and northeastern Syria

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  • Mesopotamia, 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Iraq and northeastern Syria

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  • Mexico, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses the current political boundaries of the United Mexican States except for southern Mexico

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  • Mexico, 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses the current political boundaries of the United Mexican States except for southern Mexico

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  • Mexico, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses the current political boundaries of the United Mexican States except for southern Mexico

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  • Mexico, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses the current political boundaries of the United Mexican States except for southern Mexico

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  • Mexico, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses the current political boundaries of the United Mexican States except for southern Mexico

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  • Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Hispaniola, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Puerto Rico

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  • Mexico and Central America, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Hispaniola, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Puerto Rico

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  • Mexico and Central America, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Hispaniola, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Puerto Rico

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  • Mexico and Central America: Native Peoples, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Hispaniola, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Puerto Rico

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  • Mexico and Central America: Native Peoples, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Hispaniola, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Puerto Rico

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  • Mexico and Central America: Native Peoples, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Hispaniola, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Puerto Rico

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  • Micronesia, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Republic of Palau, Guam, Kiribati, the Commonwealth of the northern Marianas, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, and Nauru

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  • Micronesia, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Republic of Palau, Guam, Kiribati, the Commonwealth of the northern Marianas, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, and Nauru

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  • Micronesia, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Republic of Palau, Guam, Kiribati, the Commonwealth of the northern Marianas, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, and Nauru

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  • North America, 8000–2000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Canada and the United States

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  • North America, 2000–1000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Canada and the United States

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  • North America, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Canada and the United States

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  • North America, 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Canada and the United States

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  • North America, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Canada and the United States

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  • North America, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Canada and the United States

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  • North America, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Canada and the United States

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  • Northern Andes, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Colombia and Ecuador

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  • Northern Andes, 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Colombia and Ecuador

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  • Northern Andes, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Colombia and Ecuador

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  • Northern Andes, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Colombia and Ecuador

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  • Northern Andes, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Colombia and Ecuador

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  • Oceania, 8000–2000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Australia, island Southeast Asia, and the islands of the tropical north and south Pacific

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  • Oceania, 2000–1000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Australia, island Southeast Asia, and the islands of the tropical north and south Pacific

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  • Oceania, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Australia, island Southeast Asia, and the islands of the tropical north and south Pacific

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  • Oceania, 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Australia, island Southeast Asia, and the islands of the tropical north and south Pacific

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  • Oceania, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Australia, island Southeast Asia, and the islands of the tropical north and south Pacific

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  • Oceania, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Australia, island Southeast Asia, and the islands of the tropical north and south Pacific

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  • Oceania, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Australia, island Southeast Asia, and the islands of the tropical north and south Pacific

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  • Polynesia, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Cook Islands, Easter Island (Rapa Nui), Fiji, Hawai'i, French Polynesia, New Zealand (Aotearoa), Niue, Pitcairn Islands, Independent Samoa, American Samoa, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Wallis and Futuna

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  • Polynesia, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Cook Islands, Easter Island (Rapa Nui), Fiji, Hawai'i, French Polynesia, New Zealand (Aotearoa), Niue, Pitcairn Islands, Independent Samoa, American Samoa, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Wallis and Futuna

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  • Polynesia, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Cook Islands, Easter Island (Rapa Nui), Fiji, Hawai'i, French Polynesia, New Zealand (Aotearoa), Niue, Pitcairn Islands, Independent Samoa, American Samoa, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Wallis and Futuna

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  • Rome and Southern Italy, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses the present-day regions of Abruzzo, Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Lazio, Molise, and Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily

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  • Rome and Southern Italy, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses the present-day regions of Abruzzo, Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Lazio, Molise, and Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily

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  • South America, 8000–2000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day northwestern Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru

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  • South America, 2000–1000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day northwestern Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru

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  • South America, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela

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  • South America, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela

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  • South America, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela

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  • South Asia, 8000–2000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day southeastern Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Tibet

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  • South Asia, 2000–1000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day southeastern Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Tibet

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  • South Asia, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses present-day southeastern Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Tibet

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  • South Asia, 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses present-day southeastern Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Tibet

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  • South Asia, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka

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  • South Asia, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka

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  • South Asia: North, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Bangladesh, northern India, and Pakistan

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  • South Asia: North, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Bangladesh, northern India, and Pakistan

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  • South Asia: South, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day southern India (including the Deccan Plateau and the South) and Sri Lanka

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  • South Asia: South, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day southern India (including the Deccan Plateau and the South) and Sri Lanka

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  • South Asia and the Himalayan Region, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Tibet

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  • South Asia and the Himalayan Region, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Tibet

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  • Southeast Asia, 8000–2000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day mainland (Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam) and island (Indonesia, Bali, etc.) Southeast Asia

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  • Southeast Asia, 2000–1000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day mainland (Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam) and island (Indonesia, Bali, etc.) Southeast Asia

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  • Southeast Asia, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses present-day mainland (Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam) and island (Indonesia, Bali, etc.) Southeast Asia

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  • Southeast Asia, 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses present-day mainland (Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam) and island (Indonesia, Bali, etc.) Southeast Asia

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  • Southeast Asia, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day mainland (Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam) and island (Indonesia, Bali, etc.) Southeast Asia

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  • Southeast Asia, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day mainland (Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam) and island (Indonesia, Bali, etc.) Southeast Asia

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  • Southeast Asia, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day mainland (Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam) and island (Indonesia, Bali, etc.) Southeast Asia

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  • Southeast Asia, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day mainland (Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam) and island (Indonesia, Bali, etc.) Southeast Asia

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  • Southeast Asia, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day mainland (Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam) and island (Indonesia, Bali, etc.) Southeast Asia

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  • Southeast Asia, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day mainland (Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam) and island (Indonesia, Bali, etc.) Southeast Asia

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  • Southern Africa, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Botswana, Lesotho, Madagascar, southern Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, and Zimbabwe

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  • Southern Africa, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Botswana, Lesotho, Madagascar, southern Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, and Zimbabwe

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  • Southern Africa, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Botswana, Lesotho, Madagascar, southern Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, and Zimbabwe

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  • Southern Europe, 8000–2000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Portugal, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, European Turkey, and Vatican City

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  • Southern Europe, 2000–1000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Portugal, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, European Turkey, and Vatican City

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  • Southern Europe, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Portugal, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, European Turkey, and Vatican City

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  • Sudan, 8000–2000 B.C.

    encompasses ancient Nubia

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  • Sudan, 2000–1000 B.C.

    encompasses ancient Nubia

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  • Sudan, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses ancient Nubia

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  • Sudan, 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses ancient Nubia

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  • The United States, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day United States

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  • The United States and Canada, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day United States and Canada

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  • The United States and Canada, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day United States and Canada

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  • Venice and Northern Italy, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses the present-day regions of Emilia-Romagna, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Lombardy, Piedmont, Trentino-Alto Adige, Valle d'Aosta, and Veneto

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  • Venice and Northern Italy, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses the present-day regions of Emilia-Romagna, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Lombardy, Piedmont, Trentino-Alto Adige, Valle d'Aosta, and Veneto

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  • Western and Central Europe, 8000–2000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Northern Ireland, Poland, the Republic of Ireland, Romania, Scotland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, and Wales

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  • Western and Central Europe, 2000–1000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Northern Ireland, Poland, the Republic of Ireland, Romania, Scotland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, and Wales

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  • Western and Central Europe, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Northern Ireland, Poland, the Republic of Ireland, Romania, Scotland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, and Wales

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  • Western and Central Europe, 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Northern Ireland, Poland, the Republic of Ireland, Romania, Scotland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, and Wales

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  • Western and Central Sudan, 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Burkina Faso, eastern Chad, Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal

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  • Western and Central Sudan, 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Burkina Faso, eastern Chad, Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal

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  • Western and Central Sudan, 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Burkina Faso, eastern Chad, Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal

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  • Western and Central Sudan, 1800–1900 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Burkina Faso, eastern Chad, Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal

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  • Western and Central Sudan, 1900 A.D.–present

    encompasses present-day Burkina Faso, eastern Chad, Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal

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  • Western North Africa, 8000–2000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia

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  • Western North Africa, 2000–1000 B.C.

    encompasses present-day Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia

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  • Western North Africa, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia

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  • Western North Africa, 1–500 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia

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  • Western North Africa (The Maghrib), 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia

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  • Western North Africa (The Maghrib), 1000–1400 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia

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  • Western North Africa (The Maghrib), 1400–1600 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia

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  • Western North Africa (The Maghrib), 1600–1800 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia

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  • Western Sudan, 500–1000 A.D.

    encompasses present-day Burkina Faso, Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, eastern Niger, and Senegal

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